1. Final Solution

2. Hitler 1923 – Beer Hall Putsch – imprisoned – Mein Kampf – Medieval-style irrational prejudice on Jews

3. Hitler Jan 30 1933 appointed CHANCELLOR – March 21 1933 DACHAU – 1st concentration camp  worldwide protest = „Jewish plot“  launches an ANTI-JEWISH CAMPAIGN -April 1 1933 GENERAL BOYCOTT OF JEWISH SHOPS AND PROFESSIONALS (students, professors, judges)

4. The Nuremberg Laws 1933-35 Discriminatory Legislation Sep 15 1935 Nuremberg Laws – CLEAR DEFINITION OF A JEW

5. The Nuremberg Laws The Law for the Protection of German blood and German Honor The Reich Citizenship Law – Reich Citizens x Nationals (State Members) – A Jew can not be Reich Citizen = NO POLITICAL RIGHTS

6. The 2nd Phase of Persecution 1938- 1942 The Night of Broken Glass – Nov. 9-10 1938 – German diplomat Ernst vom Rath assasinated by a German-born Polish Jewish boy Herschel Grynszpan – COORDINATED ATTACK on Jewish people and their property 91 Jews murdered 25 000 – 30 000 arrested and deported 200+ synagogues destroyed

7. The 2nd Phase of Persecution 1938- 1942 The Night of Broken Glass – HJ´s, Gestapo, SS, SA – Means for the confiscation of firearms from Jews – Followed by economic and political persecutions = BEGINING OF THE FINAL SOLUTION

8. THE HOLOCAUST The Last Phase of the Persecution of the Jews = Final Solution Wansee, Jan 20 1942 – 1st Vernichtungslager in CHELMNO, summer 1941 – Heydrich – goal= removal of the Jews from the Lebensraum of the German people Emigration „had become a problem“: 537 000 Jews 2nd solution: EVACUATION OF THE JEWS TO THE EAST

9. THE HOLOCAUST The Last Phase of the Persecution of the Jews = Final Solution Wansee, Jan 20 1942 – Slovakia + Croatia „the essential and crucial problems have already been solved“ Slovakia – June 1941 Croatia – July 1941 First deportations, concentration camps and genocide

10. THE HOLOCAUST The Last Phase of the Persecution of the Jews = Final Solution Wansee, Jan 20 1942 – Northern countries „omitted for the time being“

11. THE HOLOCAUST The Last Phase of the Persecution of the Jews = Final Solution Wansee, Jan 20 1942 – Final Solution welcomed by the military governor of Poland „Jews constitute a substantial danger as carriers of epidemics and most of them are useless.“ – First targets

12. RESISTANCE Warszaw Ghetto Uprising – April 19- May 16 1943 – THE LARGEST SINGLE JEWISH REVOLT during WWII – Mordechai Anielewicz letter to Antek Yitzhak Zuckerman Read at the Eichman trial in 1961 ABOVE ALL A SYMBOL TO SHOW THAT JEWS DID NOT DIE WILLINGLY

13. RESISTANCE Uprisings in: – Treblinka, Aug 1943 – Sobibor, Oct 1943  closed – Auschwitz, Oct 1944

14. Reaction of the International Community Bermuda Conference – Apr 19-30 1943 – Extended mandate of the Inter-Governmental Comitee on Refugees Set up in 1938 – EVIAN conference – BUT THE PROBLEM WAS NO LONGER ONE OF REFUGEES  NO REAL MEASURES WERE TAKEN

15. Shocking indifference – Shmuel Zygelboym (BUND) 1940 escaped Poland Implored the governments to take retaliatory and rescue action Committed suicide to protest against the world´s indifference, May 11 1943 Letter in NY Times, June 4 1943 Reaction of the International Community