1. Endocrinology... The Study of Hormones Today's Warm-up: Name one thing you think hormones are responsible for doing in your body.

2. Let’s Start With Some Vocab… Hormone - substance produced by one gland or organ of the body that then travels through the bloodstream to affect other tissues, organs, etc. Gland – Specialized group of cells that releases hormones into the bloodstream. Organ - collection of tissues joined in structural unit to serve a common function.

3. How Hormonal Feedback Works 1)Based on feedback from the body, the first endocrine gland initiates release of a hormone. 2)The first hormone travels through the bloodstream to a second (target) gland. 3)The second gland releases a second hormone, which travels through the bloodstream to a target organ. 4)The target organ has a specific response to the hormone, and performs some biological function. 5)The hormone products from the second gland and the target organ travel through the bloodstream to provide feedback to the first and second endocrine glands. Makes Acts On Makes Acts On Makes Hormone #1 i.e. GHRH Hormone #2 i.e. GH Hormone #3 i.e. IGF-I Tissues i.e. growth of muscle and bone.

4. Hormones Make All of Our Bodily Functions Possible Growth Hormones Thyroid Hormones Sex Hormones Stress Hormones Pancreatic Hormones Pregnancy Hormones

5. Endocrine Glands

6. Make a Chart to Keep Track… In one column, put the “Hormone Name” In the 2 nd column, put the “Hormone Source” In the 3 rd column, put the “Hormone Target” In the 4 th column, put the “Hormone Function”

7. Stress Hormones Key hormones:  CRH (Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone) Source: Hypothalamus Target: Anterior Pituitary Gland Function: Causes the release of ACTH from the Anterior Pituitary gland  ACTH (Adrenocorticotropin) Source: Anterior Pituitary gland Target: Adrenal Gland Function: Causes the release of Cortisol from the Adrenal gland  Cortisol Source: Adrenal Gland Target: Systemic tissues Function: “Fight-type” responses

8. Stress Hormone Cascade

10. Growth Hormones GHRH-Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone and SS - Somatostatin  Source: Hypothalamus  Target: Anterior Pituitary Gland  Function: Stimulate release of GH from Anterior Pituitary GH – Growth Hormone  Source: Anterior Pituitary gland  Target: Liver  Function: Stimulates release of IGF-I from the liver IGF-I  Source: Liver  Target: Bone, muscle, connective tissues  Function: Stimulates growth in tissues

11. Growth Hormone Axis

13. Male Sex Hormones GnRH – Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone –Source: Hypothalamus –Target: Anterior Pituitary Gland –Function: Stimulates the release of LH and FSH from the Anterior Pituitary LH – Luteinizing Hormone –Source: Anterior Pituitary Gland –Target: Leydig Cells of Testicle –Function: Stimulates Testosterone production FSH – Follicle-Stimulating Hormone –Source: Anterior Pituitary Gland –Target: Sertoli Cells of Testicle –Function: Stimulates sperm production by the testis Inhibin –Source: Testicles (Sertoli Cells) –Target: Negative Feedback on FSH production –Function: Regulate spermatogenesis Testosterone –Source: Testicles (Leydig Cells) –Target: Hypothalamus, Anterior Pituitary, Systemic Tissues –Function: Negative feedback on LH production, male sex characteristics

14. Male Sex Hormone Axis

15. Hormones and Spermatogenesis

18. The dreaded female hormones...

19. Female Sex Hormones GnRH – Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone –Source: Hypothalamus –Target: Anterior Pituitary Gland –Function: Stimulates the release of LH and FSH from the Anterior Pituitary LH – Luteinizing Hormone –Source: Anterior Pituitary Gland –Target: Ovary (Thecal Cells) –Function: Stimulates Estrogen production FSH – Follicle-Stimulating Hormone –Source: Anterior Pituitary Gland –Target: Follicle (Granulosa cells) of Ovary –Function: Stimulates oogenesis Inhibin –Source: Ovary (Granulosa Cell) –Target: Negative Feedback on FSH production –Function: Regulate oogenesis Progesterone –Source: Granulosa Cell (CL) –Target: Anterior Pituitary Gland, Hypothalamus –Function: Negative feedback on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary Estrogen –Source: Ovary (Theca and Granulosa Cells) –Target: Hypothaltmus, Anterior Pituitary, Systemic Tissues –Function: Negative feedback on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, female sex characteristics

20. Feedback of Female Sex Hormones

21. Female Reproductive Hormones

22. Thyroid Hormones TRH – Thyroid Releasing Hormone –Source: Hypothalamus –Target: Anterior Pituitary –Function:Stimulates the release of TSH from the Anterior Pituitary gland TSH – Thyroid Stimulating Hormone –Source: Anterior Pituitary Gland –Target: Thyroid Gland –Function: Stimulates the release of T3 and T4 from the Thyroid. T3 – Triiodothyronine (10%) –Source: Thyroid Gland –Target: Systemic Tissues –Function: Metabolism, heart rate, growth, brain development and function T4 – Thyroxine Hormone (90%) –Source: Thyroid Gland –Target: Systemic Tissues –Function: Metabolism, heart rate, growth, brain development and function Calcitonin –Source: Thyroid Gland –Target: Bone and kidneys –Function: Bone regeneration, urine production in the kidney

23. Thyroid Hormones

24. Neuroendocrine feedback : the Breastfeeding Response

25. Pancreatic Hormones

26. Normal Pancreatic Hormones

27. Diabetes

28. Other Hormones of Note... Oxytocin –Source: Posterior Pituitary –Target: Uterus, breasts –Function: Uterine contractions and milk let-down Melatonin –Source: Pineal Gland –Target: Bodily tissues –Function: Sexual maturity and body rhythms ANF (Atrial Naturietic Factor) –Source: Heart –Target: Kidney –Function: Regulates blood pressure Renin –Source: Kidney –Target: Adrenal Gland –Function: Regulates blood pressure through regulation of aldosterone secretion. Erythropoiten –Source: Kidney –Target: Bone Marrow –Function: Red blood cell production Aldosterone –Source: Adrenal Gland –Target: Kidney –Function: Regulation of urine volume and blood pressure

29. Other Hormones of Note... Parathyroid Hormone –Source: Parathyroid –Target: Plasma –Function: Regulates plasma calcium and phosphate Thymopoiten –Source: Thymus –Target: White blood cells –Function: T-Lymphocyte Function