1. Epifluorescence Confocal

3. Zoom 1 Zoom 2 Zoom 4

5. Point Spread Function x - yx - z Disco di Airy 3D Deconvolution Sassoè-Pognetto et al., J Comp Neurol 2000

8. FITC-TRITC emission

12. WT GABA A R 1 KO VGAT/Calb Wulff et al., Nat Neurosci in press

13. GABA-positive terminals in the molecular layer make asymmetric synapses with Purkinje cell spines 1 0/0 1 0/0GABA parallel fiber Fritschy et al., J Neurosci 2006

14. sp GABA A 1 0/0 sp NL2 does not localize ectopically at heterologous synapses with PC spines GABA NL2/mGluR1 /GAD NL2/Car8/GAD Patrizi et al., PNAS 2008

18. Schneider Gasser et al et al.,

19. Two-photon microscopy Two photons of low energy (infrared range) can excite a fluorophore emission of a fluorescence photon at a higher energy Excitation is restricted to a tiny focal volume (rejection of out-of-focus signals) Longer wavelengths penetrate deeper into tissue (1 mm) Lower energy photons cause relatively low damage outside the focal volume in vivo imaging