2. PM CAS: Mission and Vision
Perform Life-Cycle Management
of Tube-Launched Indirect Fire Munitions, Mortar Weapons, and Mortar Fire-Control Systems
VISION
Our Mission is to “Perform Life-Cycle Management of Tube-Launched Indirect Fire Munitions and Mortar Weapons and Fire-Control Systems”
This Includes development, integration, test, production, remanufacturing, and sustainment.
We do not manage artillery platforms or cannons.
On the government side, we are the “One Stop Shop” for artillery and mortar systems.
Deliver Conventional and Leap-Ahead Munitions Combat Power to Warfighters, Giving them the Materiel Edge over Potential Adversaries

3. PM CAS Management Imperatives
Meet Requirements and Pursue Promising Technologies
Promote Competition to achieve Best Value and Drive Down Costs
Leverage Investments and Reinforce Successful Partnerships
Endorse Teamwork and Employee Empowerment
Promote and Employ Disciplined Processes
Promote Lean Design and Production
Promote Commonality and Interoperability
Plan Aggressive and Non-Traditional T&E
Take Calculated Risks, but Manage and Mitigate them
Employ Spiral Development and Continuous Process Improvement
Leverage Information Technology and Knowledge Management Systems
“Trust, but Verify” – ‘Put Eyeballs On’ to Maximize Situational Awareness
Balance
is Essential!
We want to be consistent in our actions, so this is our management frame work. We also believe it’s important for people to know and understand how we do business. We believe in progressive business practices. We employ centralized executive management and decentralized execution. We achieve best results from disciplined, collaborative analysis and decision making.
We emphasize the pursuit of technology, competition, loyalty, teamwork, disciplined processes, calculated risk taking, spiral development, and verification.
[To accomplish our mission and achieve our goals:
We work to requirements, but pursue technology to increase our capabilities.
We prefer competition among capable vendors to better focus their efforts and make products more affordable.
We will reinforce success by doing business with preferred partners who have proven themselves. Competition and loyalty must be kept in balance.
We subscribe to the principles of Lean Design and Lean Manufacturing. Therefore, our partners must have disciplined processes and all the relevant certifications.
We intend to seek commonality within and without the Army. Harmonizing Excalibur, ERGM and LRLAP is a good example.
We plan for more efficient T&E supplemented by Mod and simulation.
We embrace the principles of Spiral Development to improve the chances of program success and to get products to warfighters as soon as possible.
If you want to achieve anything meaningful, you will encounter risks. Effective organizations take appropriate risks and manage them.
Higher payoff ~ higher risk. Continuous improvement of what we manage is a mandate for us as it is for all project managers. We will plan for this in our budgets.
Our hands-on philosophy for product and process verification can be summed up with an old Russian proverb made famous by President Ronald Regan… “Dovieriai No Provieriai” “Trust, but Verify” or in Latin, “Fidite Autum Visite”]

4. PM CAS Organization PM Combat Ammunition Systems Excalibur
PM, COL Nathaniel Sledge, Jr.
DPM, Mr. Rene Kiebler
Excalibur
PM, LTC Jeff Wilson
DPM, Mr. Chris Grassano
Mortar Systems
PM, LTC Andre Kirnes
DPM, Mr. David Super
Business Management
Mr. Joseph Gormley
Over 300 People!
Precision Effects
Mr. Peter Burke
Weapons and Fire Control
Mr. Ed Lewis
This is a simplified view of our organization showing our senior points of contact. As you can see, we are part of PEO Ammunition which is the army’s single manager for conventional ammunition. Our extended family, including ARDEC and JMC, comprises over 300 people.
This organizational design effectively addresses 3 phases of the acquisition cycle:
The ASD addresses all STOs and tech development.
The Product Managers are responsible for advanced development, or SDD and the
Conventional Ammo Division manages the Procurement and improvement of more mature systems.
PM Mortars manages all mortar weapons and fire control.
Conventional Ammunition
Mr. Armando Herrera
Advanced
Systems
Mr. Steven Hromnak
US Army Joint Munitions Command
Mrs. Celia Hadden
DSN
Artillery
Mr. Martin Moratz
Mortars
Mr. John Slivovsky
Energetics
Mr. Jim Rutkowski
OPM CAS
ATTN: SFAE-AMO-CAS, Building 171A
Picatinny Arsenal, NJ
Phone: , DSN:
Fax:

5. Army Transformation: How We Fit In
155mm
M864 Recap
MFCS
155mm
M795 HE
M782 MOFA
155mm MACS
120mm XM984
ER Mortar
ACAAP
Special Operations
81mm
LW Mortar
Agile
Lethal
Versatile
Survivable
Deployable
Responsive
Sustainable
105mm
M915 DPICM
Modernized CATK
Future Force
Stryker Force
CCF
Forced Entry
155mm
M107 HE
We have dispensed with the familiar “trident” transformation chart. This is our new graphic for describing Army Transformation What it says is that the U.S. Army’s Transformation has several axes of advance, leading to what we call the Future Force.
Our Army is Transforming. Our goal is still to begin fielding a force with the listed attributes by the end of this decade. Fire support materiel will play an important role in realizing the Army’s vision.
Our products, which include artillery and mortar munitions, plus mortar weapons and fire control, support each of the different forces you see stacked at the left end of the arrow. As you look from left to right, you can see the evolution of our product line, from the ballistic and conventional to the guided and highly automated.
155mm
Less-Lethal
IOC 2010
FOC 2012
2004
60mm Mortar Family
High Explosive
Smoke
Illuminating
Full Range PC
81mm Mortar Family
High Explosive
Smoke
Illuminating
Full Range PC
120mm Mortar Family
High Explosive
Smoke
Illuminating
Full Range PC
M1155 PIAFS
Excalibur
Unitary
Discriminating
PGMM
SFM
Precision/Near Precision/System Support

6. Indirect Fires Investment Strategy (POM 06-11)
Improve precision and deployability
Accelerate technology to Current Force
Better balance investment between Current and Future Forces
Terms of Reference
Greatest ROI
75%
Future Force
Bridge to Future Force
In order to meet the challenges we’ve got to pay the bills
The Army’s indirect fires strategy has 3 overreaching goals:
Improve precision and strategic mobility
Accelerate Technology to the Current Force
Better balance investment between the Current and Future Forces
To give you some perspective on our commitment over the next 6 years, we are investing ~25% in the current and interim forces and ~75% in the Future Force.
As you may imagine, this strategy allocates a smaller part of the budget to conventional munitions, relative to platforms and network systems.
Clearly, the Army’s focus is the future force, where it intends to achieve leap-ahead capabilities.
25%
Stryker
Force
Current Force
Mortars
Networked
Joint
Mobile
Lethal
Sustainable
Responsive
Continuous
Survivable
Precise
Full Spectrum
Paladin
LW155

7. The Basis for Fire Support Guidance Strategy
Studies
FCS Analysis of Alternatives (TRADOC)
PGMM Analysis of Alternatives (TRADOC)
FCS Lethality Effectiveness Study
Course-Correcting Fuze Study (USFAS)
Precision Munitions Review (TRAC)
National Military Strategy (NCA)
Joint Vision 2020 (Joint Staff)
Total Army Plan (15 Years) (DA)
Army Transformation Plan (DA)
Total Army Analysis (DA)
Plans and Concepts
Observations
Army Indirect Fires Strategy (TRADOC)
FCS Organizational and Operational Plan (TRADOC)
Unit of Action Organizational and Operational Plan (TRADOC)
Fires and Effects Concept (USFAS)
FCS ORD (TRADOC)
OEF/OIF Observations (31D, 101st, 10th MNT, Rangers)
Trends in Rules of Engagement (ROE), Technology, Doctrine, TTP, and Threat (Multiple)
Known Capability Gaps (TRAC)
USAWC Study on Operations in Afghanistan (S. Biddle)

8. Transforming Army Indirect Fires
Networked through Battle Command
Fully Interoperable with Joint systems
Mobile (Strategic and Tactical)
Responsive & Integrated with Maneuver
Lethal (through precision and volume)
Precise Effects with Area Options
Reduced Sustainment
Ability to Mass Effects
24/7, All-Weather, All-Terrain
Challenges
Strategic Deployability
Networked Capability (C4)
Tactical Mobility
Target Location (ISR)
Accuracy / Rate of Fire
Precision Munitions
Discriminating Munitions
[As expected, Indirect fires must transform with the Army.]
This chart is taken directly from the Army’s Indirect fires strategy briefing of Sep It provides us strategic guidance for fires transformation. Our goal is to contribute to the success of the Future force by providing Destructive, Suppressive, and Protective effects, while minimizing collateral damage and leveraging technology.
We will face many challenges, particularly in the areas of precision, accuracy, range, reliability, and affordability.
One could agree that we already have overwhelming capabilities against likely threats, so every new idea won’t be funded. Being aware of this, we’ve got to figure out where to invest our time and the nation’s treasure to deliver the most cost-effective fire support systems. Our approach is to follow national and army guidance, perform analysis, develop concepts, conduct experiments, collect data from and make observations about recent operations, and study relevant trends in the threat, ROE, Doctrine & TTP, and technology.
To achieve Destructive, Suppressive and Protective effects while minimizing collateral damage
taking advantage of emerging technology

9. Army’s Direction for Precision
DPG (FY 04-09) : “Smart Artillery Rounds: The Department of the Army will accelerate the Excalibur GPS guided round program.”
Army Modernization Plan (2003): “At the tactical level, we rely on immediately responsive, continuously available, organic fires to enable our units to maneuver.”
Army Report on Indirect Fires (25 July 2002): “The Army fully supports OSD proposals to accelerate Army precision fire initiatives…such as Excalibur by FY07.”
Unit of Action O&O: Precision fires… “allow small units in the UA to selectively destroy key enemy systems and forces.”
FCS KPP #3: “the UA must have the ability to create lethal and non-lethal overmatch at the time and place of its choosing. The FCS FoS must be capable of employing networked LOS, BLOS and NLOS capabilities fully integrated with maneuver to suppress and destroy enemy forces and systems with greater precision, at extended ranges and in close combat.”
SECDEF Lessons Learned from OIF: “Key lessons so far include the importance of precision & the ability to deliver devastating damage to enemy positions, while sparing civilian lives & the civilian infrastructure.”
This slide shows us the direction that the Army is taking with precision munitions. From the DoD level and down, we can see the importance of responsive, organic, precision fires for our success in the future. DoD mentions Excalibur specifically in the DPG. As detailed in the Army modernization plan, and imbedded in both the UE and UA O&O, precision fires are where the Army is headed. They are integral to the success of both the Stryker BDEs and the Objective Force.
Perhaps the most convincing argument emphasizing the need for precision came from the Summary of Lessons Learned during OIF testimony prepared by GEN Franks and the Honorable Mr.Rumsfeld, which emphasized the importance of precision and how it impacted our ability to defeat the enemy while minimizing collateral damage.

10. Need for Greater Precision and Range
FCS ORD
The NLOS Cannon provides networked, extended–range fires for precision attack of point and area targets in support of the US with a suite of munitions that include special purpose capabilities. [Para FCS ORD]
FCS NLOS Cannon must be capable of firing current ammunition with a total Circular Error Probable (CEP) (including bias and precision error) that does not exceed 0.55% of range at low angle, for ranges of 30 kilometers or less. [Para FCS ORD, 2172] (i.e. CEP ≤ km)
The FCS FoS must be capable of Joint networked lethal and non-lethal effects that achieve overmatch – out of contact, at tactical standoff and in close combat to defeat the target sets detailed in Chapter 4 of the FCS STAR. [Para FCS ORD]
The OF will exploit the effects of precision long range fires to close with and destroy the enemy [Para FCS ORD ]
… the UA employs destructive fires with great precision at extended ranges against high payoff targets…the increased long-range killing capability of fires will be employed to fix and destroy the enemy…fires ensure freedom of action and maneuver.. [Para FCS ORD]
FCS NLOS Cannon must be capable of firing munitions at least 30 km (Threshold) / 40 km (Objective) [Para FCS ORD 2169]
Let’s talk about Precision:
OEF and OIF observations have validated the need for increased precision strike capabilities
Not surprisingly the FCS ORD and O&D call for precision fires and effects
The ORD also reinforces the need for greater range, since we want to develop situations out of contact and increase our survivability by doing so

11. Doctrinal Basis for Precision
Expands mission set to include urban operations
Addresses concerns about collateral damage
Provides Stand-off precision engagement to fix enemy formations and to set the conditions
Facilitates engagement of High-Payoff Targets (HPTs), especially before forces are joined
Enhances transition to “danger close” operations
Presents “move or die” dilemma to entrenched enemy
This slide shows us the direction that the Army is taking with precision munitions. From the DoD level and down, we can see the importance of responsive, organic, precision fires for our success in the future. DoD mentions Excalibur specifically in the DPG. As detailed in the Army modernization plan, and imbedded in both the UE and UA O&O, precision fires are where the Army is headed. They are integral to the success of both the Stryker BDEs and the Objective Force.
Perhaps the most convincing argument emphasizing the need for precision came from the Summary of Lessons Learned during OIF testimony prepared by GEN Franks and the Honorable Mr.Rumsfeld, which emphasized the importance of precision and how it impacted our ability to defeat the enemy while minimizing collateral damage.

12. Doctrinal Basis for Precision
Shapes the fight through destruction of HPTs and centers of gravity
Makes fire missions quicker, enabling increased OPTEMPO through rapid destruction of HPTs and MDTs
Reduces dependence on and frequency of ammunition resupply because of increased efficiency and lethality
Enhances close support through reduction in
danger close distance
This slide shows us the direction that the Army is taking with precision munitions. From the DoD level and down, we can see the importance of responsive, organic, precision fires for our success in the future. DoD mentions Excalibur specifically in the DPG. As detailed in the Army modernization plan, and imbedded in both the UE and UA O&O, precision fires are where the Army is headed. They are integral to the success of both the Stryker BDEs and the Objective Force.
Perhaps the most convincing argument emphasizing the need for precision came from the Summary of Lessons Learned during OIF testimony prepared by GEN Franks and the Honorable Mr.Rumsfeld, which emphasized the importance of precision and how it impacted our ability to defeat the enemy while minimizing collateral damage.

13. NLOS Mix Study Results (2003) (Relative Participation by Battle Phase)62
Findings and Conclusions:
Analysis shows need for mix of organic NLOS capabilities (mortar, cannon, missile) that optimize the UA for responsive fires.
Range of missions demands robust set of organic fires and effects capabilities. These spectrums of capabilities are necessary across and within the realms of mortars, artillery, rockets, and missiles.
Setting the conditions at stand-off is key to conducting decisive operations at friendly time and place of choosing.
UA must have extended range, precision artillery fires to begin the attack of HPTs and precision mortars and volumetric artillery fires to engage MDTs while conducting precision maneuver to its position(s) of advantage.
Very responsive suppressive fires are required because an adaptive enemy cannot always be targeted, even with an extensive array of layered sensors.
Very responsive fire support systems, Networked Battle Command, and execution-oriented targeting processes enable dynamic target attack and unprecedented responsiveness to all echelons of the future Force.
Reach to UE and joint fires provides critical complementary capabilities before forces are joined.
Notes: 20 hr. scenario
NLOS-C
NLOS-LS
LOS
BLOS
Fixed-Wing
AVN
HIMARS
(MLRS)
NLOS-M
Comp.
Phase 15 10 50 10 3 4
100 43 13 40 15
We’ve been very busy conducting experiments and analysis. I’ve chosen to show the results of the NLOS mix study because they are indicative of corroborative observations made during recent conflicts and because they help demonstrate the utility of range, precision, responsiveness, and networked fires, and they reinforce the complementary nature of various fire and effects systems.
As you can see, notional participation by battle phase is a telling metric.
No study is perfect.. In our opinion, the study did not adequately represent the contributions of mortars or artillery, particularly mortars. 25 22 7 5 13 6
135
169
139
Before Forces
Are Joined
During
Contact
Tactical
Assault
Not in Study

14. Summary of Army Studies
Findings
A robust mix of fire support systems is required to address the full spectrum of requirements, to maintain Agility and Flexibility, and to mitigate against surprise
Complementary systems increase flexibility and provide scalable effects
Lethality, Volume, Precision, Responsiveness (24/7, all weather, all terrain), and Range remain critical attributes of a fire support system
Networked, Massed, and Precision fires offer opportunity to disrupt/destroy enemy capabilities at greater depths and with greater precision
Ongoing Efforts
Determining the best mix of joint fires to meet Objective Force fire support requirements
Continuing experimentation and analysis through modeling and simulation and army, joint, and multinational exercises
PURPOSE: Give the BLUF. Analysis and experimentation are needed to determine the indirect fires requirements…specifically for the Objective Force.
FCS Milestone B is the Army’s critical path to Transformation.
The intent of this slide is to:
Inform OSD of our progress
We need time to do the analysis and experimentation
Any analysis has to assess a robust Joint network, a Joint C4ISR infostructure, a Joint platform and munitions mix, a capabilities based focus across all spectrums with an emphasis towards emerging threat and across the entire spectrum of conflict.

15. Mortars Feedback from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom
Mortars were very effective - The primary organic killer
Mortars were most responsive and most integrated means of providing close fire support
Dispersed but lethal enemy requires more precise fires
Mortars proficient at “hip shoots” and at destroying RPG teams in urban environment
With spotty re-supply, high number of rounds per point target mission presented serious deficiencies in effectiveness and endurance (e.g., Required 16 rounds to engage enemy bunkers)
120mm increased light force lethality - Need Arms Room Concept “We’ve got to get the ARC to all our Forced Entry forces” – LTG Cody, G3, USA
“MFCS will improve this capability”
During a mountain battle waged by the 101st A6OV DIV in Afghanistan, 120 mortars were responsible for the overwhelming majority of enemy kills.
Mortars continue to be the most responsive and most deeply integrated means of fire support.
Mortars effective support of the high-OPTEMPO advance to Baghdad revealed their proficiency at hip shoots. MFCS will only improve this capability.
Dispersed RPG and ATGM teams indicate need for more precise mortars.

16. Cannon Feedback from Operation Iraqi Freedom
Cannons paved the way during the historic advance to Baghdad
Cannons were the most responsive inorganic fire support asset available for shaping and close fires
Cannons provided the majority of close support to committed forces
Majority of targets attacked at maximum range
Extended-range inefficiency increased the logistics burden
Cannon DPICM barely used because of concern about collateral damage, accuracy and duds
Copperhead not used because of negative perceptions about ease of use
SADARM was the only smart artillery munition available: Destroyed 48 pieces of equipment with 121 rounds
We’ve synthesized these observations from OIF from our brothers in Arms in the 3ID, 101st , and MEFs.
Cannons paved the way to Baghdad
DPICM not used extensively
Copperhead not used
SFMs proved their value against armor

17. But materiel is useless without . . .
OIF Winners
HEVT
SFMs
Mortars
M7 BFIST
CAS (A-10s)
Paladin SPH
Control Measures
LRAS3 (Target Acquisition)
But materiel is useless without . . .
Leadership
Unit Cohesion
Doctrine & TTP
Innovation
Adaptability
Warfighters reported that the following systems were winners in OIF. Additionally the use of control measures was judged to be effective for fires and preventing fratricide.
As with all battlefield operating systems, these systems alone don’t ensure victory. Units must have effective Doctrine & TTP and they must be trained well to implement them. Well-trained units are tight knit, well led, and they adopt to battlefield conditions to win.

18. Observation Summary
Ground Fire SPT was most Responsive, most Available, and most Adaptive
Preferred munitions: HE(VT), SFMs, & Mortars
Suppression still required for Most Dangerous Targets (MDTs) because we may never have perfect knowledge about the enemy
Extended Range engagements provide greater standoff and improved force survivability
Greater Precision needed to enable friendly forces to develop situations out of contact (High Payoff Targets (HPTs)) and to reduce the threat of MDTs
Implication: Friendly Forces require a robust mix of mortar and artillery capabilities .

19. Threat Trends Asymmetric/Paramilitary
Nonrestrictive Rules of Engagement
Seeks Cover in Reinforced Structures and Vehicles
Operates Widely Dispersed on Nonlinear Battlefield
Interspersed with Noncombatants
Seeks Sanctuary in Urban and Complex Terrain
Exploits Terrain and Geography
Possesses Electronic Countermeasures

20. Trends in Rules of Engagement (ROE)
Minimize Collateral Damage to Protect . . .
Noncombatants
Religious and Cultural Landmarks
Socio-Economic Infrastructure (METT-TC Context)
Minimize Unexploded Ordnance
Conduct Less-Lethal Operations
Transition to SASO
Scalable Fires and Effects
Stability Assistance and SPT OPN’s.

21. Trends in Doctrine and TTP
Emphasis on strategic and operational mobility
Network Centric Warfare (Fires and Effects)
Dynamic Force Tailoring
Primacy of C4ISR, Fire Direction and Control
Reduced Collateral Damage
Expectation of More Efficient Fires
Reduce Logistic/Footprint
Need for Standoff Range to Shape and Set Conditions
Joint and Multinational Fires and Effects
Scalable Effects (agile, flexible, versatile, and complementary)
Greater Integration of Fires and Maneuver
Capabilities Based Requirements
Proliferation of Targeting Devices (Acquisition and Locating)
Use of Special Purpose Fires (Non-lethal and unmanned ground sensors)

22. Trends in Technology
Miniaturization of processors (deeply integrated guidance)
GPS/SASSM
MEMS
Robotics
Materials
Automation
Thermobarics
Power Sources
Non-/Less-Lethal
Sensors (LADAR)
Nanotechnologies/Energetics
Improved software and algorithms
Increased data storage and bandwidth

23. Joint PGM Assets Ranges: Are platform to TGT
ROM AUR = Rough order of magnitude all up round
SC: Shape Charge
Glossary
Tactical Tomahawk
JASSM = Joint Air to Surface Standoff Missile
SLAM ER = Stand-Off Land Attack Missile Extended Range
JSOW-C = Joint Standoff Weapon - C (unitary variant)
JDAM = Joint Direct Attack Munition
Paveway
HARM = High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile
JSOW-A = Joint Standoff Weapon - A (baseline variant carries 145 Blu97 submunitions)
ER TMD = Extended Range Tactical Munitions Dispenser
JCM = Joint Common Missile, Fly 20Km (May be called Air Common Missal)
Netfires
ATACMS = Army Tactical Missile System
GMLRS = Guided Multiple Launched Rocket System
ERGM = Extended Range Guided Munition
Excalibur
PGMM = Precision Guided Mortar Munition
LOBL = Lock on before launch
LOAL = Lock on after launch
BLOS = Beyond Line of Sight
PAM & LAM: Precision Attack Missile, Loitering Attack Missile, Guidance system=SAL, UCIRLADAR w/ATR

24. Mix of Joint Fire Capabilities
Range
Interdiction Joint Fires and Deep Attack
>300km
Air
Interdiction
300km
225km (LAM)
60km (PAM)
ATACMS km
UCAV
Attack
AVN
TLAM
70km
Shaping/Shielding Fires
Looking at it another way, Artillery and Mortars provide the most responsive fires.
PURPOSE: Displays the capabilities of Joint Fire Support system of systems that all contribute to unique capabilities across a wide spectrum. The essence of Fire Support is continuous and responsive effects, available 24/7 in all environments.
-   Chart shows the full array of joint fires capabilities. Accentuates qualities of each system - we employ them as complementary means.
-   Horizontal axis shows required capabilities for close support fire support in the Objective Force:
o       Responsive, reliable and agile
o       Continuous, 24/7
o       Scaleable effects at extended range
o       Quality of firsts (see first, decide first, act first)
o       Fully integrated with maneuver
-   Compares precision fires at standoff versus close support fires to enable maneuver, tactical assault, and actions on contact.
-   Provide over watching and massed fires in mutual support as dispersed teams. Mass effects without massing systems through networked teaming.
-   Achieve volume and rates of fire for effective suppression and protective fires to enable maneuver to close with and destroy enemy.
-  Synergistic application of full array of fires is required to support the close fight.
GMLRS = 2006 IOC, FUE PAM = 2008FUE/2010 IOC, LAM = 2008 FUE/ 2010 IOC, NLOS-C 2080 FUE/ 2010 IOC
30-40km
PAM/ LAM
Naval Gunfire
Cannons
GMLRS
10-15km
CAS
Mortars
Protective Fires
Close Support Fires
Response Times

25. Field Artillery Precision Assets
Ranges: Are platform to TGT
ROM AUR = Rough order of magnitude all up round
SC: Shape Charge
Glossary
Tactical Tomahawk
JASSM = Joint Air to Surface Standoff Missile
SLAM ER = Stand-Off Land Attack Missile Extended Range
JSOW-C = Joint Standoff Weapon - C (unitary variant)
JDAM = Joint Direct Attack Munition
Paveway
HARM = High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile
JSOW-A = Joint Standoff Weapon - A (baseline variant carries 145 Blu97 submunitions)
ER TMD = Extended Range Tactical Munitions Dispenser
JCM = Joint Common Missile, Fly 20Km (May be called Air Common Missal)
Netfires
ATACMS = Army Tactical Missile System
GMLRS = Guided Multiple Launched Rocket System
ERGM = Extended Range Guided Munition
Excalibur
PGMM = Precision Guided Mortar Munition
LOBL = Lock on before launch
LOAL = Lock on after launch
BLOS = Beyond Line of Sight
PAM & LAM: Precision Attack Missile, Loitering Attack Missile, Guidance system=SAL, UCIRLADAR w/ATR
Fielded In Development Exploration/Tech Demo
Note: TLE=0m

26. Field Artillery Scalable Precision
10m
M864 CEP
M549 CEP
M864&M549 w/CCF
Excalibur
Target Grid
10m
35 km
50m
50m
10m
50m
273m
273m
10m
50m
139m
10m
50m
112m
30 km
212m
One can see the improvement to dispersion error when using CCF with these rounds. As depicted in the picture above, the M549 has a dispersion error or CEP of 273m at its maximum range of 30km. With CCF, the CEP is reduced to approximately 50m. Likewise the M864 has a CEP of 212m at its maximum range of 28km. With CCF, the CEP is reduced to approximately 50m. The table in the upper left corner depicts projectile effects with and with out CCF. CCF kills targets with less projectiles at extended ranges..
95m
131m
89m
25 km
62m
20 km
15 km
10 km
Source: AMSAA data for unccorrected M864 & M549

27. Precision Versus Range (155mm Cannons and 120mm Mortars)
Interdiction Joint and Deep
To 500 Km
Shaping and Shielding
To 70 Km
Close Support
300
Protective
274m
ACAAP
200
CEP (M)
M795
125m
Area Fires
ACAAP w/PTS
100
90m
M107 w/PTS
120 mm
M107 75
70m
Near Precision Fires
M795 w/CCF
BB ACAAP w/CCF
RAP ACAAP w/CCF
50m 50
55m
Precision-Guided Fires
Terminally-Guided Fires
PGMM
Excalibur
10m 10
Copperhead
Range (KM)
10 Km
15 Km
20 Km
30 Km
40 Km

28. Munitions Characteristics Matrix (Relative Performance Scale)
Characteristics Munitions
Wt.
Excalibur
PGMM
CCF HE
155 HE
120 HE
Precision 5
Accuracy 4
Effective Unit Lethality
Collateral Damage
Mission Breadth 3
Range (max)
Range (min)
Danger Close
Environmental Sensitivity
Susceptibility to CM
Operational Ease
Integration with Maneuver 2
Composite 2 1 3 5 4 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 4 5 5 1 3 2 3 4 1 3 2 2 4 4 2 4 3 1 3 1 3 5 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1
1.9
1.9
2.5
3.2
2.8
LEGEND: Best 1 2 3 4 5
Worst

29. Capability Gaps and Needs
Current Force
Precision
Collateral Damage
Urban Operations
Accuracy
Range
Sustainability
Safety
Readiness and Training
Responsiveness
Cost Effectiveness
Lethality
Operational Efficiency
Robustness
Special Purpose
Weather
Complex Terrain
Scalable Effects
Mobility
Automation
Future Force
Our strategic planning process has helped us determine our capability gaps and needs.
To bridge the gap between the current force and future force, we’ll need to address the areas you see on this chart. The gaps and needs vary in criticality, but all are necessary to achieve the overmatching fire support effectiveness we desire.
Here, I’ve highlighted the needs that appear prominently on our radar screen.

30. Capability Gap Matrix

31. Bridging the Gaps Sustainability Range Precision Safety
Excalibur
PGMM
CCF
MACS
Lt. Wt. Mortar
Range
Excalibur
ACAAP
PGMM
ER Mortar
Arms Room Concept
Precision
Excalibur
PGMM
CCF
MFCS
PTS
Safety
eSDF
120mm Breech CAP
Training/Readiness
CAP
MACS
81mm Insert
Mobility
Lt. Wt. Mortar
NLOS-M
NLOS-C
Stowed Kills
Special Purpose
Cargo
HPM
Less-Lethal
Obscurants
Illumination
Thermobaric
Responsiveness
MFCS
EPIAFS & MOFA
NLOS-C & NLOS-M
Fires Network
Automation
Ammo Handling
Fire Control
Fuze Setters
Modular Charges
Inventory Management
Dynamic Target Attack
Target Deconfliction
Target Acquisition
Sensor Fusion
Robustness
Spectrum of Capabilities
Complementary Munitions Mix
24/7
All Weather (Profiler)
All Terrain (NLOS-M, NLOS-C)
Here’s looking at our solutions another way . . .
For better understanding and convenience we’ve grouped systems and initiatives by gaps and needs.
Through analysis techniques such as quality function deployment, we’ve determined which munitions, weapons, and initiatives best bridge the capability gaps and meet our Army’s needs for fire support materiel.
This should help us all see why we’re doing what we’re doing.
Lethality
Increased Rates of Fire & MRSI
Angle of Incidence (Excalibur)
Novel Warheads (ACAAP, PGMM, & 60mm MAPAM)
eSDF
SFMs
TGMs, (PGMM, Copperhead)
Arms Room Concept
Accuracy
MFCS
PGMM
ATR Excalibur
NLOS-C with PTS
Target Designation Initiatives
Sheafing Techniques
Sensor Fused Munitions
Cost Effectiveness
NPMs, PGMs, TGMs, & SFMs
ACAAP and MFCS
Lean Acquisition
Spiral Development
Modular Charges

32. Fires Transformation: Precision - Accuracy - Range
Ends
Why? What?
Means
Ways
How?
Improve Precision
Improve Accuracy
Improve Range
MATERIEL
Speed Defeat of Enemy Thru Quicker Engagements
Achieve Capability Overmatch
Set Conditions and Shape the Battle:
Strike Deeply with Precision
Extend Range of Conventional Artillery
Facilitate the Close Fight
Enhance Force Survivability
Destroy HPTs and MDTs
Improve Mission Effectiveness
Enhance Unit Lethality
Kill More with Less
Improve Prob. (Kill / Acquisition)
Complement Other Munitions to increase Flexibility and Scalability
Increase Robustness
Flexibility
Scalability
Adaptability
Hard Targets
Moving Targets
Complementary Effects
Danger-Close Operations
Expand Mission set to MOUT
Operate in Varied and Complex Terrain
Reduce Fratricide
Address Trends in . . .
Technology
Doctrine and TTP
ROE – Collateral Damage
Threat – Entrenched and Interspersed in Structures
Reduce Logistics Burden:
Improve Accuracy
Improve Efficiency
Free Up Lift Assets
Increase Stowed Kills
Reduce Number of Platforms
Reduce Frequency of Resupply
Improve Mobility for Hi OPTEMPO
Increase and Improve Automation
Improve Rates of Fire
Improve Fire Control and SoLns
Employ Automated Asset Tracking
Employ Target Mensuration & Sheafing Techniques
Deeply Integrate Guidance, Navigation and Control
Develop New Seekers (LADAR)
Address Target Location Error:
Improve Target Acquisition & Locating Devices
Increase Density of Target Location Devices
Assess Complementary Nature of Weapons
Emphasize 5 Predictive Elements of Accurate Fire
Interoperate with Joint Platforms, Networks, and Sensors
Acquire Extended Range Artillery
Address DOTLM-PF
Joint Effects Integration
Universal Observer
RSTA & FIST - Equip & TTPs
Develop NPMs – Accuracy, Range, and Efficiency
Develop PGMs – Range and Precision
Develop TGMs – Accuracy and Lethallity
Acquire SFMs
OPM CAS Products
PGMM
Excalibur
CCF ACA2P
MFCS
This is an eye chart, but it’s worthy of study, perhaps later, when you have time. It gives you a view into our thinking as we determine where to invest our resources for maximum effectiveness.
After careful analysis and observation, we’ve realized that fire support transformation is characterized primarily by improvements in precision, accuracy, and range, but also by increases in lethality, responsiveness, robustness, mobility, sustainability, safety, and reliability.
This chart shows what is needed and suggests how to achieve it.
120mm ER Mortar
SFM
Interoperability
Fire Support Network
Logistics System
Joint Fires
NLOS-M
NLOS-C
Paladin
LW155
UAVs
PTS
Other Systems
NLOS-LS
ATACMS
HIMARS
APKWS
GMLRS
MLRS
BLOS
JCM
LAM
PAM
LOS
FWA
[ Our solutions are embodied in innovative, forward-looking products such as…
Excalibur (an extended-range, precision-guided artillery projectile), which reduces collateral damage and enables urban fires
PGMM (a semi-active laser-guided 120mm mortar), which improves our ability to neutralize or destroy entrenched combatants.
CCF (a technology that provides near-precision performance to conventional artillery), potentially reducing the class V logistics burden.
ACAAP (an extended-range, ballistically-matched family of conventional artillery projectiles), which will add IR illumination and multi-spectral smoke to our arsenal.
MFCS, which will improve precision usher in a new era in mortar solution computing.
SFMs, which provide the artillery a highly effective and affordable tank-killing capability.
The 120mm Extended-Range Mortar (which will improve lethality and extend the organic support available to the maneuver commander).]

33. Highest Priority Development Programs
System Description:
A NATO-size fuze that provides ballistic course correction for spin stabilized artillery projectiles
Excalibur
System Description:
Precision strike round with extended range and enhanced lethal mechanism technology
System Description:
Precision Guided, Extended Range 155mm projectile
Requirements:
Greatly increased precision and reduced collateral damage
Requirements:
Capability to hit point targets
Requirements:
Low cost, fuze-sized module resulting in projectile CEP <50M at max range
Goal: Precision, Range ACAT: I
IC: FY06 (LW155) IOC: FY08
Status: SDD
Goal: Range, Lethality, Accuracy
ACAT: Il
IOC: FY10
Goal: Near Precision
IC: FY07 IOC: FY10
Status: Developing co-operative program with Navy
POC: LTC Jeffrey Wilson
Status: SDD contract award scheduled 3QFY04, following JROC approval.
Precision
Accuracy
Range
Lethality
Robustness
POC: Mr. Pete Burke
POC: Mr. Russ Hill
Course Correcting Fuze
Precision Guided Mortar Munition
Mortar Fire Control System
Advanced Cannon Artillery Ammunition Program
System Description: Links mortar fires with the digital battlefield
System Description: Extended range NDI projectiles
Now let’s get to the systems and capabilities.
Our highest priority products provide solutions that address our critical capability gaps and needs.
Excalibur (an extended-range, precision-guided artillery projectile), which reduces collateral damage and enables urban fires
PGMM (a semi-active laser-guided 120mm mortar), which improves our ability to neutralize or destroy entrenched combatants.
CCF (a technology that provides near-precision performance to conventional artillery), potentially reducing the class V logistics burden.
ACA2P (an extended-range, ballistically-matched family of conventional artillery projectiles), which will add IR illumination and multi-spectral smoke to our arsenal and also greatly improve the lethality of forcible entry forces.
MFCS, which will improve precision usher in a new era in mortar solution computing.
SFMs, which provide the artillery a highly effective and affordable tank-killing capability. U.S. development is cost prohibitive.
and finally…
We have Electronic Self-Destruct Fuzes, for both 105mm and 155mm, and potentially guided-rocket applications. With this technology we will mute criticism about UXO and save friendly and non-combatant lives.
Requirements: Allow mortar crews to send and receive digital call for fire messages
System Description:
Autonomous, fire and forget, all weather 155mm SFM projectile
Requirements:
Increased Lethality through Pff technology
System Description:
ER-DPICM round made with lightweight composites round and rocket motor for increased range
Goal: Accuracy, Responsiveness
IOC: FY03
Goal: Range, Ballistic Similitude
IOC: FY06
Status: Fielding
Status: Safety Testing
POC: MAJ James Winbush
Requirements: Destroy or Immobilize stationary SPHs and other hard point targets
POC: Mr. John Irizarry
Requirements: 50% greater range
Goal: Range, Lethality
IOC: FY11
Goal: Lethality
IOC: N/A Status: Accessing foreign NDI projectile compliance with JBMOU POC: Mr. Russ Hill
Status: STO UFR
POC: Mr. Pete Burke
120mm ER Mortar
Sensor Fuzed Munitions

34. Roadmap for Top Programs
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
Mortars
Key
SDD
Production
Unfunded
Concept Demo
SBCT
PGMM
NLOS-M
Mortar
Fire
Control
MFCS Production
SW Upgrades
NLOS-M
FMR
SDD
Production
PGMM
MS B
MS C
IOC ER
CDT
SDD
Production
155mm Artillery
Excalibur
Unitary
Production
Early Fielding
IOC
Discriminating - SDD
MS C
MS B
CCF
CDT
SDD - Navy-MC-Army
Production
MS C
MS B
IOC
ACAAP
Safety/Gun Qual
Production
MS C
SFM
JBMOU Compliance

35. 2004 Precision-Related Objectives
Conduct Successful Excalibur Guided-Gunfire-A Test Series
Award and Kickoff the PGMM SDD contract
Manage the cooperative CCF/GIF program with the Navy. (Secure Additional Funding)
Secure additional funding for the ACA2P
Secure S&T funding for the 120mm XM984 Extended-Range, Field MFCS Cargo-Carrying mortar
Kickoff light-weight MFCS Program
As you can see in this chart, we have much to do in 2004.
This chart lists our most important project events.
Chief among our objectives for 2004 is a successful Excalibur GG-A test series
We want to get PGMM on contract
Conduct successful demo of CCF technology and we want to produce the M mm DPICM.

36. Enabling Technologies
Deeply
Integrated Guidance
Composite Materials
Insensitive Energetics
Lower
TLE’s
Hardened
&
Compact GPS/IMU
Digital Fire Control (LW155)
Enhanced Fuze Setter (EPIAFS)
Improve
Battery
Tech
Next
Generation
GPS
SAASM
Network Efficiency & Reliability
Increase
Bandwidth
Modeling
&
Simulation
SFM
Automation
Ammo Marking
Inventory Control
Ammo Condition Indicators
ATR/ Discrimination Tech
Improve
Sensors
GPS
Codes
IFF
MEMS Fuzing
Telemetry/Datalink
Rocket Assist Tech
Force-Level Models
Fire Control Algorithms
Decision Support Tools
Now in order to deliver the capabilities we require [you need], we must have concurrent advances in technology. This unusual chart suggests some of the most critical technology needs such as batteries, target locating devices, sensors, algorithms, GPS, and networked battle command. We suggest that you, in industry and government research, development and engineering centers (RDECs), be mindful of these enablers and consider investing in these technologies but please coordinate your efforts with us.

37. Summary Promoting a modern organization and philosophy
Transforming cannon and mortar fire support munitions based on guidance, concepts, trends, and observations
Fire support materiel transformation is characterized by improvements in precision, accuracy, range, lethality, robustness, responsiveness, and scalability
Key precision products: Excalibur, PGMM, CCF, MFCS, ACAAP, SFMs
Seeking improved Enabling Technologies
OPM CAS is transforming cannon and mortar munitions.
Fire support munitions transformation is primarily characterized by improvements in precision, accuracy, range, and lethality.
Our key transformation products are Excalibur, PGMM, CCF, MFCS, ACAAP, and SFMs.
We also have other important initiatives that will . . .
Improve our strategic planning and help us ensure we’re investing in the right capabilities,
Improve our decision-making and problem solving,
Improve our business practices
And our communication with Warfighters.
We’re seeking improved enabling technologies to support our high priority projects.
In summary, we’re executing our transformation strategy, but we remain flexible to adapt to the harmonic, ever-changing fiscal, strategic, and operational environments.
Thanks your for your attention. I’d be happy to answer any question you might have.

40. Less-Lethal Munitions
Other Developments
Self-Destruct Fuzes
Lt. Wt. Mortar
System Description: Submunition Fuze to reduce battlefield UXO
System Description: STO to reduce the weight of the M252 81mm Mortar System
System Description: Inductively settable Multi-Option Fuze for Artillery
System Description:
Modular propellant mm artillery ammunition
Requirements: 30 to 40% lighter weapon system
Requirements: UXO less than 1%
Goal: Mobility, Portability
Goal: Lethality, Safety
IOC: TBD
IOC: FY04
Status: Trade Studies
Requirements: Compatible with bursting projectiles
Requirements: Auto-Loading
Status: In Production
POC: Mr. Ed Lewis
Goal: Reduced Logistic Burden & HOB accuracy
POC: Mr. Bill Vogt
Goal: Increased Range, Reduced Costs
IOC: M231 – FY03, M232 – FY04
IOC: FY04 Status: In Production
Status: In Production, Fielding
POC: Mr. Tony Barreiro
POC: Mr. Jim Rutkowski
MOFA
MACS
Arms Room Concept
M864 Recap
System Description: Provide Light Forces maneuver commanders with 81mm and 120mm mortar support
System Description: “Like new” DPICM rounds with grenade Self Destruct Fuzes (SDFs) for the Stryker Brigade Combat Teams
We have several other important development and acquisition programs. They are:
120mm Extended Range Mortar, which will improve lethality and extend the organic support available to the maneuver commander. This speaks for itself.
The MOFA fuze, which reduces our operational and logistics burdens by enabling auto loading and replacing 5 other fuzes.
The Light Weight 81mm Mortar, which lessens the operational burden on our light forces.
The Arms Room Concept, which greatly increases the organic lethality and flexibility of the light forces.
The Modular Artillery Charge System, which enables auto-loading and handling, as well as increased range and reduced long-term costs cal optimication.
The M864 DPICM Recap, which uses self-destruct fuze technology to increase lethality, reliability, and safety for our Stryker Forces.
We’re also exploring Less-Lethal Munitions for both artillery and mortars. [The artillery shell will likely be funded first.] funding driven.
finally…
We’re developing much improved lethality for 60mm and 81mm mortar bombs through our exploration of embedded ball technology.
System Description: Designed for kinetic energy mitigation of carrier to minimize collateral damage
Requirements: HQDA G3 approved
BOIP change July 03
System
Requirements: Submunition Self Destruct capability for 155mm artillery ammunition (<1% UXO)
Description: Mortar Anti-Personnel Anti-Materiel (MAPAM) mm HE cartridge with ball bearing fragmentation
Goal: Lethality, Range, Flexibility
Goal: Recapitalization, Safety
IOC: Fielding
Status: Seeking additional funding
POC: Mr. Ed Lewis
IOC: FY05
Status: Recap Feasibility Study Ongoing
Requirements: Lightweight with
Parachute Delivery
Requirements: Perform a side by side
comparison of the MAPAM with the M720A1 Cartridge, analyzing Lethality and Effectiveness
POC: Mr David Kondas
Goal: Dispense Less-Lethal Payloads
IOC: TBD Status: Concept Studies
Goal: Lethality IOC: TBD Status: SDD
POC: Mr. John Slivovsky
POC: Mr. Steve Hromnak
Less-Lethal Munitions
60mm Modernization

41. PM CAS Thrusts Get PGM’s & Smart Weapons to Warfighters
Improve and Sustain Conventional Munitions
Executing Excalibur PGM Advanced Development
Transitioning PGMM to Advanced Development
Managing the Course-Correcting Fuze (CCF) Technology Demonstration
Fielding Mortar Fire Control System Heavy (MFCS-H) and Developing MFCS-Light
Executing Sensor-Fuzed Munition (SFM) Compatibility Assessments
To meet FCS Emerging Requirements for Munitions, Working with Proponents to Develop Capabilities such as the NLOS-M, the Advanced Cannon Artillery Ammunition Program (ACA2P) and Course Correcting Fuzes
Fielding the Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS) to the active force
Producing Bomblet Self-Destruct Fuzes
Reengineering selected Munitions, such as the 60mm Mortar (HE) and 155mm M864 (DPICM)
Reengineering Pyrotechnic, Explosives, and Propellants (PEP) for Improved Effectiveness, Safety, Insensitivity and Environmental Compliance
Satisfy Customers and Achieve Excellence
Seeking funding for the 120mm Extended Range Mortar Program
Seeking funds for the Mortar Arms Room Concept
Monitoring Lightweight Mortar and Less-Lethal Munitions Science & Technology Objectives (STOs)
Working to Ease Transition of Science Technology Objectives into Advanced Development
Developing Strategic Plan and Business Practice Guidelines and Harmonizing Business Practices with the Joint Munitions Command
Developing Value Engineering and Cost Reduction Plan
Our Thrusts, grouped by our goals, are consistent with the derived gaps and needs.
You may infer our priorities from this chart.
The top half is flush with our most important investments.
(Projects in the top half of the chart will get the lion’s share of our attention.)
Grow World-Class People and Teams
Emphasizing Improved Communications
Disseminating the PM CAS Management Philosophy and Disciplined Processes to Partners in Industry and Government
Reshaping and Reorganizing the Workforce
Developing Individual and Team Training Strategies
Launching Leadership Competency Training Program
Hiring, Recognizing, and Promoting the Meritorious

42. The Road Ahead
Leverage guidance, studies, concepts, experiments, operations, and trends
Determine capability gaps and materiel needs
Pursue integrated fires and effects Doctrine and TTP
Develop integrated fire support systems strategy
Obtain validated requirements
Clarify army funding priorities
Leverage enabling technologies
Execute and protect the strategy

43. What is the Correct Objective Force Indirect Fire Balance?
Sensors
- JSTARS - U2R - TENCAP - Multi-mode Radars - Air Defense Radars
- Aerial Common Sensor - Space Based Sensors - A2C2S - Comanche - UAV
Shooters
NLOS Mortar
NLOS Cannon
HIMARS
Attack helicopters
Joint Air (CAS, AI, SOF)
NLOS-LS and TLAM-like missiles
Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAV)
Munitions
PGMM, Excalibur, LAM, PAM, ATACMS, Other Svc’s Munitions, G-MLRS
AFAM, MSTAR
Fully
Capable
Force
Simulation
Experimentation
Analysis
Networked
To achieve the fully capable force we seek, cannon and mortar must contribute to the full spectrum of sensors, platforms and munitions systems. We’ll have to balance or doctrine of overmatching and overlapping capabilities against what we can afford. We expect interesting discussions as our DoD begins deliberations for it’s six-year plan, aka the POM.
“The department must have multiple joint and service-centric concept development efforts underway to ensure a robust competition of ideas.” – Transformation Planning Guidance (2nd Draft)

44. Generalized Attributes of Indirect Fires Transformation
Army Indirect Fires provide increased flexibility and overmatch
lethality to maneuver commanders in the Future Force by being:
Responsive – Tactically responsive and fully integrated with maneuver.
Deployable – Inter- and intra-theater using air and sea lift.
Agile – Better manages battlefield transitions, such as retargeting and dynamic target attack
Versatile – Provides greater mission breadth through scalable effects in all physical environments.
Lethal – Achieves suppressive, protective, and destructive effects [through mass, precision, accuracy, and rates of fire].
Survivable – Optimizes organic crew protection, maneuverability and tactical responsiveness.
Sustainable – Reduces logistic demands through the integration of conventional and precision fires.
The desired transformation attributes relate to indirect fires as follows:

45. Ground Munitions Terminology
Area Fire Munitions (AFM) – Achieves sufficient precision at short to medium ranges to suppress, neutralize or destroy dispersed area targets (M934 mortar, M107, M795, M864, M549, ACAAP)
Near Precision Munition (NPM) – Achieves greater precision to suppress, neutralize or destroy area targets, using fewer munitions than for AFM fire missions, and at medium to long ranges (M864 w/ CCF, ACAAP w/ CCF)
Precision–Guided Munition (PGM) – Maneuvers to engage an area or point target with sufficient accuracy to suppress, neutralize or destroy it. (Excalibur, ERGM, LRLAP, BTERM)
Terminally–Guided Munition (TGM) – Locates, identifies and maneuvers to hit a point target with accuracy sufficient to result in a high probability of target destruction (PGMM, Copperhead)
Smart or Sensor Fuzed Munition (SFM) – Detects target signature and hits the target to neutralize or destroy it (SADARM, SMArt155, Bonus)
Special Purpose Munitions (SPMs) – Includes obscurants, illumination, mines, unmanned sensors, cargo, reconnaissance, HPM, thermobaric, and less-lethal munitions

46. Indirect Fires What? Why?
Indirect fire support systems consist of mortars, cannons, rockets and missile launches, attack helicopters, UAVs and joint air/sea platforms
Why?
Suppressive and Protective Fires – To facilitate the ground commander’s ability to maneuver his forces
Destructive and Protective Fires – To enhance the ground commander’s ability to conduct assaults and defenses
Protective Fires – To ensure and enhance ground force survivability
Destructive Fires – To reduce the enemy’s warfighting capability, speed his defeat, and reduce the need for direct assault.

47. PM Combat Ammunition Systems
This chart gives you an idea of the diversity of our product set.
We are a multi-product organization, with munitions and armament products ranging from shell bodies to fuzes, precision to smart, mortar weapons and fire control, and propellants and explosives.
We manage these products with the help of Picatinny’s Armament Research Development and Engineering Center or ARDEC.

48. Precision Related Terminology
MPI (1)
MPI (2)
MPI (3)
Precision Error is the uncorrelated variation about the Mean Point of Impact (MPI) for a given mission
Bias (MPI) Error is the occasion to occasion variation in the MPI about the aimpoint
Aimpoint x
Target Location Error (TLE)
Actual Target Location
Delivery Accuracy – Ability to hit an aimpoint, includes both Precision and Bias errors. Often referred to as "Precision" for guided munitions when bias is insignificant.
System Accuracy – Ability to hit the target for a given mission. Is a function of Delivery Accuracy and TLE.
Precision Fires – The capability to destroy selected high-value and time-critical targets, or to inflict damage with precision, while limiting collateral damage.
Precision Engagement – A system of systems that enables our forces to locate the objective (or target), provide responsive command and control, generate the desired effect, assess our level of success, and retain the flexibility to reengage with precision when required.

49. Munitions for Point Targets
Notes:
PAM = 7" Precision Attack Missile
LAM = 7" Loiter Attack Missile
MRM = 120mm BLOS Mid-Range Munition
LGM = 155mm Laser Guided Munition (Discriminating Round… Follow-On To CuHd)
ISM = 155mm Improved Sensing Munition (SFM… M982 Carrier For SADARM-Like Submunitions)
M982U = 155mm Unitary Excaliber
M795 = 155mm HE
M549A1 = 155mm HE-RAP
M483 = 155mm DPICM
M864 = 155mm DPICM-BB
PGMM = 120mm Precision Guided Mortar Munition (Block I)
M934 = 120mm HE
M984 = 120mm DPICM

50. Munitions for Area Targets
Notes:
PAM = 7" Precision Attack Missile
LAM = 7" Loiter Attack Missile
MRM = 120mm BLOS Mid-Range Munition
LGM = 155mm Laser Guided Munition (Discriminating Round… Follow-On To CuHd)
ISM = 155mm Improved Sensing Munition (SFM… M982 Carrier For SADARM-Like Submunitions)
M982U = 155mm Unitary Excaliber
M795 = 155mm HE
M549A1 = 155mm HE-RAP
M483 = 155mm DPICM
M864 = 155mm DPICM-BB
PGMM = 120mm Precision Guided Mortar Munition (Block I)
M934 = 120mm HE
M984 = 120mm DPICM

51. Munitions Mission Breadth
This chart show missions for which each munition is optimized.