GEOLOGY 4320/6320: Petroleum Geology

GEOLOGY 4320/6320: Petroleum Geology
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology GEOLOGY 4320/6320: Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

Introductory thoughts
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Introductory thoughts

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology GEOLOGY 4320/6320: Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Geoscience GEOLOGY 4320/6320: Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Geoscience GEOLOGY 4320/6320: Petroleum Geology Geology Geophysics Geohydrology Geo(technology) Geo(engineering) Petroleum economics

1. Interrelatedness of topics
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Professorial whining 1. Interrelatedness of topics 2. Textbooks Best-written textbook is 13 years old. Many newer textbooks written by non-educators. Textbooks have a North-Sea bias. More whining to follow. 3. Confidentiality and proprietary nature of data and technology

Knut Bjørlykke 2010 UGA Libraries Online Resource
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Textbooks: Knut Bjørlykke UGA Libraries Online Resource Petroleum Geoscience: From Sedimentary Environments to Rock Physics newest, largely specialist-written Two chapters on seismic, one of which is book’s longest ( = 50 pages) Jon Gluyas and Richard Swarbrick 2004 Petroleum Geoscience recent, interestingly organized, many case studies Not much on seismic method (eight pages) Small print that is hard to read Richard C. Selley 1998 Elements of Petroleum Geology (Second edition) older, well-organized, single-authored Thirteen pages on seismic method Fakhry A. Assad, UGA Libraries Online Resource Field Methods for Petroleum Geologists Recent, covers well much of what it covers, occasionally out of date

Mike Shepherd 2009 UGA: TN 860 .A512M no. 91
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology More books: Mike Shepherd UGA: TN 860 .A512M no. 91 Oil Field Production Geology (AAPG Memoir 91) Well-organized; abundant schematic illustrations Charles F. Conaway UGA TN 870 .C The Petroleum Industry: A Nontechnical Guide Simple explanations of many, many, things George Asquith and Dan Krygowski 2004 Basic Well Log Analysis (Second edition) The industry’s standard document on the subject Nigel Anstey UGA: TN 269 .A Simple Seismics (Second edition) What it says it is, which is good

Frederick K. North 1985 UGA: TN 870.5 .N59 1985 Petroleum Geology
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology More books: Frederick K. North UGA: TN N Petroleum Geology 607 pages of geology for geologists; lots of examples Royal Dutch/Shell Staff UGA: TN 870 .P The Petroleum Handbook 710 pages of technical stuff (the technical analog of Conaway’s book) B.P. Tissot and D.H. Welte UGA: TN T Petroleum Formation and Occurrence (Second Edition) The source-rock and petroleum-geochemistry revolution A. I. Levorsen UGA: TN 870 .L Geology of Petroleum (Second edition) Now only of historic interest, but the classic in the field

Some Fundamentals of Mineralogy and Geochemistry
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Sort of a book: L. Bruce Railsback 2011 Some Fundamentals of Mineralogy and Geochemistry Occasionally relevant tidbits

Robert D. Langenkamp 1985 UGA: Sci Ref TN 865 .J43 1985
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Reference books: Robert D. Langenkamp UGA: Sci Ref TN 865 .J The Illustrated Petroleum Reference Dictionary Robert D. Langenkamp UGA: TN 865 .L Handbook of Oil Industry Terms and Phrases (Fifth edition) Jennifer A. Miles UGA: Sci Ref TN M Illustrated Glossary of Petroleum Geochemistry Edward A. Beaumont & Norman H. Foster ~ GSU: TN B AAPG Treatise of Petroleum Geology: Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields Multiple volumes, categorized by trap types (eight structural, three stratigraphic?)

Rigzone.com www.rigzone.com/training/howitworks.asp
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Reference websites: Rigzone.com RIGZONE - How it works ≥ 60 pages on drilling, logging, production, etc. Schlumberger staff Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary With 4600 entries, thorough beyond reason U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing eTool - Glossary of Terms An abridgement of the (out of print?) Dictionary of Petroleum Terms Discovery Group Inc Oil and Gas Resources by state A gateway to websites of state regulatory agencies

Periodicals/Journals: Oil and Gas Journal www.ogj.com UGA: TN 860 .O3
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Periodicals/Journals: Oil and Gas Journal UGA: TN 860 .O3 World Oil UGA: TN 860 .W9 AAPG (American Association of Petroleum Geologists) Bulletin Journal of Petroleum Geology Petroleum Geology Journal of Petroleum Technology

Reasons for this course Better petroleum geoscientists
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Reasons for this course Better petroleum geoscientists Drilling wells has major environmental impact Better exploration geoscientists drill fewer dry holes. Better production geoscientists get more petroleum from each hole, reducing the number of wells drilled per unit time. More hireable/employable geoscience graduates Petroleum companies look for knowledgeable people. Better users of data generated by the petroleum industry Wells and seismic data provide information available from nowhere else. Citizens who understand the science, dynamics, and risks of how humans find and exploit their present major source of energy.

HONS(BIOL)(CHEM)(GEOL)(PHYS) 2080H
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology GEOL 4320/6320 prerequisites: GEOL 1120 or GEOL 1121 or GEOL 1122 or GEOL L or GEOL 2350H or HONS(BIOL)(CHEM)(GEOL)(PHYS) 2080H

Assumed vocabulary Cenozoic Holocene Quaternary Tertiary Neogene Paleogene Mesozoic Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic Paleozoic Permian Pennsylvanian Carboniferous Mississippian Devonian Silurian Ordovician Cambrian Proterozoic Precambrian Quartz Feldspar Muscovite Biotite Mica Calcite Aragonite Dolomite Gypsum Anhydrite Halite Clay Silt Sand Gravel Shale Siltstone Sandstone Conglomerate Limestone Dolostone Evaporite Chert Grain size Sorting Normal fault Reverse fault Thrust fault Strike-slip fault Fold Anticline Syncline Convergent plate boundary Divergent plate boundary Transform plate boundary Continental margin Continental shelf Continental slope Unconformity If any of these are unfamiliar, the American Geological Institute’s Glossary of Geology is waiting for you in the Science Library’s Reference Section at QE .B

Assumed vocabulary Cenozoic Holocene Quaternary Tertiary Neogene Paleogene Mesozoic Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic Paleozoic Permian Pennsylvanian Carboniferous Mississippian Devonian Silurian Ordovician Cambrian Proterozoic Precambrian Quartz Feldspar Muscovite Biotite Mica Calcite Aragonite Dolomite Gypsum Anhydrite Halite Clay Silt Sand Gravel Shale Siltstone Sandstone Conglomerate Limestone Dolostone Evaporite Chert Grain size Sorting Normal fault Reverse fault Thrust fault Strike-slip fault Fold Anticline Syncline Convergent plate boundary Divergent plate boundary Transform plate boundary Continental margin Continental shelf Continental slope If any of these are unfamiliar, the American Geological Institute’s Glossary of Geology is waiting for you in the Science Library’s Reference Section at QE .B

White sans-serif Helvetica text: material from which quiz and exam
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology White sans-serif Helvetica text: material from which quiz and exam questions will be drawn Light gray Times New Roman text: material from which quiz and exam questions will not be drawn. Spoken comments and sketches on board are also material from which quiz and exam questions will be drawn. The availability of Powerpoint presentations to students is not an indication that those presentations are an adequate substitute for a set of lecture notes and is not an indication that attendance at lectures is unnecessary.

Petrolm in context University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Petroleum in context

Petroleum in its chemical/physical context:
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Petroleum in its chemical/physical context:

Petroleum in its (larger) natural context:
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Petroleum in its (larger) natural context: The critical elements of a petroleum accumulation: Seal (a.k.a. “cap rock”) Trap Reservoir Migration pathway Source Acronym: SMaRTS

Shepherd 2009

Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context:
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context: Reservoir - body of rock in which an accumulation of oil resides - “formation” in petrophysical/engineering language - “the sand” in roughneck language Critical reservoir characteristics: Porosity - non-mineral-filled space (“void space”) Pore throats - connections between pores Permeability - extent to which a fluid will pass through something (here, the reservoir) Thickness Continuity

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context: Reservoir - body of rock in which an accumulation of oil resides - “formation” in petrophysical/engineering language - “the sand” in roughneck language Critical reservoir characteristics: Porosity - non-mineral-filled space (“void space”) Pore throats - connections between pores Permeability - extent to which a fluid will pass through something (here, the reservoir) Thickness Continuity

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context: Reservoir - body of rock in which an accumulation of oil resides - “formation” in petrophysical/engineering language - “the sand” in roughneck language Critical reservoir characteristics: Porosity - non-mineral-filled space (“void space”) Pore throats - connections between pores Permeability - extent to which a fluid will pass through something (here, the reservoir) Wetting properties - extent to which water or non-aqueous-phase fluid is in contact with mineral surfaces Thickness Continuity

Progress in development of petroleum resources
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Progress in development of petroleum resources Exploration Basin characterization Leads and Prospects Wildcatting Appraisal Development/Production Primary production Secondary production Tertiary production Refining Marketing “Upstream” Topics of this course Non-geoscience topics “Downstream” Gluyas & Swarbrick 2004

Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions:
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Vienna

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