1. Ronald Reagan

2. Reagan’s View of the USSR Speech to National Association of Evangelicals: “Evil Empire” speech, March 10, 1983 “Evil Empire” “Evil Empire”

3. Realist Secretaries of State Alexander Haig 1981-1982 George Shultz 1982-1989

4. The Problems 1. Third Wave of Marxism 2. Viet Nam Syndrome 3. Decade of Neglect

5. 1. Third Wave of Marxism Cambodia, Viet Nam Cambodia, Viet Nam Angola, Ethiopia, Mozambique Angola, Ethiopia, Mozambique Afghanistan Afghanistan Nicaragua and leftist revolution in El Salvador Nicaragua and leftist revolution in El Salvador

6. Third Wave of Marxism

7. Solution to Third Wave: Reagan Doctrine NicaraguaContras

8. Afghanistan Mujahadin

9. Angola UNITA’s Jonas Savimbi UNITA’s Jonas Savimbi

10. 2. Viet Nam Syndrome Fall of Saigon, April 29, 1975 Fall of Saigon, April 29, 1975

11. Solution to Viet Nam Syndrome: Use Force Libya 1981 Libya 1981

12. Grenada 1983

13. Beirut 1983

14. 3. Decade of Neglect From: ARMING AMERICA: Attention and Inertia in U.S. National Security Spending http://dept.lamar.edu/polisci/TRUE/True_art_tlp.html

15. Soviet ICBMs 1980s-90s From, US Dept of Defense, Soviet Military Power, 1987: http://www.fas.org/irp/dia/product/smp_87_ch2.htm From, US Dept of Defense, Soviet Military Power, 1987: http://www.fas.org/irp/dia/product/smp_87_ch2.htm

16. Solution to Decade of Neglect Source: Center for Defense Information 2004 Yearbook (http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~jephrean/classweb/United%20State s.html) Source: Center for Defense Information 2004 Yearbook (http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~jephrean/classweb/United%20State s.html)

17. Strategic Defense Initiative Reagan’s SDI speech, March 23, 1983 SDI From: http://www.milnet.com/pentagon/spacecom/sdi.gif

18. Political/Cultural Effects

19. Case Study of Reagan Doctrine Nicaragua

20. Revolution in Nicaragua Anastasio Somoza Anastasio Somoza Pres. of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega, leader of the Sandinistas Daniel Ortega, leader of the Sandinistas

21. Contras

22. Key Phrase of 2 nd Boland Amendment: (1984-1986) Boland AmendmentBoland Amendment ''No funds available to the Central Intelligence Agency, the Department of Defense or any other agency or entity of the United States involved in intelligence activities may be obligated or expended for the purpose or which would have the effect of supporting, directly or indirectly, military or paramilitary operations in Nicaragua by any nation, group, organization, movement or individual.'‘ ''No funds available to the Central Intelligence Agency, the Department of Defense or any other agency or entity of the United States involved in intelligence activities may be obligated or expended for the purpose or which would have the effect of supporting, directly or indirectly, military or paramilitary operations in Nicaragua by any nation, group, organization, movement or individual.'‘ From: NY TIMES on line: http://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/16/world/iran-contra- hearings-text-of-key-amendment.html?pagewanted=1; For Excerpts and explanation, from US Government Accountability Office – GAO, http://redbook.gao.gov/14/fl0067296.php http://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/16/world/iran-contra- hearings-text-of-key-amendment.html?pagewanted=1 http://redbook.gao.gov/14/fl0067296.phphttp://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/16/world/iran-contra- hearings-text-of-key-amendment.html?pagewanted=1 http://redbook.gao.gov/14/fl0067296.php

23. Contra Scandal Private US $ Foreign Gov’t $ Swiss bank accounts; controlled by Oliver North of NSC Staff Contras

24. Some Congressional Restrictions on Arms Sales in 1980s Arms Export Control Acts No arms sales to nations determined to be sponsors of terrorism (US State Dept determines which nations fit into this category; it included Iran) No arms sales to nations determined to be sponsors of terrorism (US State Dept determines which nations fit into this category; it included Iran) No arms sales of over $25 m in value without congressional approval (1974); A 1976 bill lowered this to $14 m for sophisticated weaponry and $50 m for other items No arms sales of over $25 m in value without congressional approval (1974); A 1976 bill lowered this to $14 m for sophisticated weaponry and $50 m for other items Both the House and Senate would have to reject the arms salesBoth the House and Senate would have to reject the arms sales

25. The Iran Contra Scandal Private US $ Foreign Gov’t $ $$$ $$$Hostages weapons weaponsweapons Swiss bank accounts; controlled by North Contras Israel Iran US

26. The Fight Over the Contras William Adm. John Lt. Col. Casey PoindexterOliver North

27. Big Picture Issue Congress has the power to restrict US government spending Congress has the power to restrict US government spending Can the President ignore those restrictions? Can the President ignore those restrictions? Can President ignore aspects of law President does not agree with? Can President ignore aspects of law President does not agree with? If so, does Congress have any role to shape foreign policy? If so, does Congress have any role to shape foreign policy? If so, do we have checks and balances? If so, do we have checks and balances?

28. The End of the Cold War Leonid YuriKonstantin BrezhnevAndropovChernenko 1964-19821982-1984 1984-1985

29. New Soviet Leadership General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev Foreign Minister Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze Eduard Shevardnadze

30. Gorbachev’s New Thinking Perestroika: RestructuringPerestroika: Restructuring Glasnost: OpennessGlasnost: Openness Foreign PolicyForeign Policy 1987: Intermediate Nuclear Force (INF) Treaty1987: Intermediate Nuclear Force (INF) TreatyINF) TreatyINF) Treaty 1990: Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty1990: Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty(CFE) Treaty(CFE) Treaty 1991: Strategic Arms reduction Treaty (START) Treaty1991: Strategic Arms reduction Treaty (START) TreatySTART) TreatySTART) Treaty

31. Berlin Wall 1989

32. The USSR “Empire”

33. August 1991 and the Fall of USSR Boris Yeltsin

34. Why did the USSR collapse? Why did the Cold War end?