1. Astronomy 110 - Survey of Astronomy Instructors: Nick Lee & Chao-Ling Hung Required Text: The Essential Cosmic Perspective, 2 nd Edition, by Bennett Lectures: MTWThF, 10:30-11:45 AM in HIGP 110

2. A little bit about your Instructors Nicholas Lee (nlee@ifa.hawaii.edu) – 4 th year graduate student at IfA, Manoa – Current research: What drives the star formation in the brightest galaxies? Chao-Ling Hung (clhung@ifa.hawaii.edu) – 2 nd year graduate student at IfA, Manoa – Current research: How does the appearance and structure of galaxies change throughout the universe?

3. First, a Questionnaire! Relax! It’s not graded. Do your best.

4. Science Is Not… A list of previously known facts about nature A list of equations handed down from Ancient times A set of laws that were discovered by Dead White Guys a long time ago and are kept from the general public

5. Science Is… a continuing process that – seeks to understand the rules and laws of nature – uses systematic observations – uses mathematical models – experimentally tests ideas subject to independent verification These are the components of the scientific method (observe, theorize, predict, test and modify) used to comprehend the universe.

6. What is astronomy? Study of the Universe that we live in Basically everything outside of Earth’s atmosphere Solar System Planets, Stars, Galaxies Dark Matter, Dark Energy Origin and fate of Universe Alien life?? Not just the what, but the why and the how!

7. Make observations using telescopes Analyze data/results of observation Create theories about what is seen and what might exist yet unseen Create computer models that simulate what occurs in the universe Invent, design, and build instruments that let us see beyond the Earth! BUT, most astronomers do NOT spend much time looking through telescopes What do Astronomers do?

8. A scientific theory is a collection of ideas that explain a phenomenon in a way that is consistent with laws, observations and experiments.

9. Goals of this Class Help you develop… A basic understanding of the central ideas of astronomy The skills and motivation to pursue lifelong learning and become a valuable member of society An understanding and appreciation of the scientific method and how scientific ideas evolve An excitement for doing science!

10. NOT Goals of the Class Make you memorize equations Turn you into math majors Force you to sit through a boring lecture 5 days/week writing notes as fast as you can Teach you everything I know about astronomy

11. This is an ACTIVE Learning Class This is not a traditional lecture class, so it may feel weird at first. You are not competing with your peers You will be discussing problems with your classmates to solve problems TOGETHER This is much more like a real science or work environment You are now actively involved in your own learning, not simply passive observers.

12. Why Active Learning? A commonly held, incorrect model of a student’s conceptual framework

13. Why Active Learning?

14. “Lecture has often been described as the process of taking the information contained in the teachers notes and transferring them into the students notes without the information passing through the brains of either” Research shows the traditional approach doesn’t work!

15. 0 25 50 75 100 PretestPost-LecturePost-Lecture Tutorial Percent Correct 30% 52% 72% ( N ~ 100 ) Research shows that Active Learning Techniques Help! Research on a Lecture-Tutorial Approach to Teaching Introductory Astronomy for Non–Science Majors, Prather, E. E.; Slater, T. F.; Adams, J. P.; Bailey, J. M.; Jones, L. V.; Dostal, J. A., Astronomy Education Review, 3(2) 2005

16. Ranking Tasks: Gender Effect? 0 25 50 75 100 PretestPost-LecturePost-Ranking Tasks Study Trial Percent Correct ( N ~ 100 ) FemaleMale Ranking Tasks benefited both groups equally.

17. Ranking Tasks: High vs. Low Pretests Groups? 0 25 50 75 100 PretestPost-LecturePost-Ranking Tasks Study Trial Percent Correct ( N ~ 100 ) 11% 59% 76% 55% 64% 76% Upper Median Group Lower Median Group Ranking Tasks benefited both groups equally.

18. So What is Active Learning? Think-Pair Share Questions Ranking Tests Post-Lecture Tutorials Read – Come to class prepared Risk – Be open with your opinions and your questions. Listen to and encourage everyone’s ideas so they can take risks too. Relax – Don’t take criticism of your ideas personally. Change your mind when evidence shows that you should. Respect – Act towards your peers as you would have been act to you. Reason – Play the skeptic, but be critical of reasoning, ideas, and data. Not people. Restate – Try to paraphrase another’s explanation if it is unclear to you. Focus on coming to the best possible answer as a group.

19. Details (see syllabus) Class website: http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/users/clhung/Astro110.html Grading – Homeworks 20% – Participation 20% – Exams 30% each Homeworks are assigned through Mastering Astronomy, and due every Tuesday @ 5 pm. NO cell phones, laptops, etc. in class

20. Mastering Astronomy When you buy your books for this class, you should get an access code for mastering astronomy. Sign up at masteringastronomy.com with the following information: – Your Access Code – Course Code: LEE12SUM – School’s Zipcode: 96822 If you bought a used book, you need to buy an access code online.

21. A tiny bit of Math Since astronomical numbers are so large, we need a better way to describe them – scientific notation Two terms – Digit and Exponent 1,500,000,000,000 = 1.5 trillion = 1.5 x 10 12 The exponent of 10 is the number of places the decimal point must be shifted. Positive exponent: decimal point shifted to right Negative exponent: decimal point shifted to left 1.5 x 10 -4 = 0.00015

22. Math with exponents Adding/subtracting: – All numbers are converted to same power of 10 and then the digits are added or subtracted. Example: (4.215 x 10 -2 ) + (3.2 x 10 -4 ) = (4.215 x 10 -2 ) + (0.032 x 10 -2 ) = 4.247 x 10 -2 Multiplication/Division – Digit terms are multiplied/divided normally and the exponents are added/subtracted Example: (3.4 x 10 6 )(4.2 x 10 3 ) = (3.4)(4.2) x 10 (6+3) = 14.28 x 10 9 = 1.428 x 10 10

23. Class Action!

26. Lecture Tutorial Break up into groups of 2-3 – NO MORE THAN 3 In your group, work through the following: – Sun Size (pages 105-107) – Discuss the answers – don’t be silent! I will be roaming around if you need help… If your group finishes, check your answers with another group

27. Final Announcements Bring your ABCD cards and Lecture-Tutorial books to class everyday! Homework 0 is due this Friday at 5 pm – Introduction to Mastering Astronomy Homework 1 will be put on the website tomorrow and will be due next Tuesday @ 5 pm Check the class website for lecture slides, syllabus, and other important information.