1. Ecology – the study of the interactions among organisms and their environment. Landscape – area-wide mosaic over which local ecosystems, land covers and land uses exist.

2. The landscape is a mosaic of forms and patterns arranged spatially. This mosaic is composed of a pattern of patches and corridors within a more or less uniform matrix.

3. Patch shapes

4. Patch as a depression, with clump of trees

5. Smooth grassy hilltop contrasted with shrubs below the trail.

6. Disturbance in patch - lightening strike in mangrove forest Deforestation in Brazil

7. Alluvial fan in California

8. Vegetation patterns extending along mountain ridges

9. Central pivot irrigation

10. Sun city development

12. Agricultural fields

13. Patch on edge of water

14. Man-made patch with edge

15. Vegetation patches that extend along a stream

16. Elongated patches of development along the Mississippi in LA.

17. Patches of kelp

18. Five distinct forms: 1.Patch 2.Edge 3.Corridor 4.Intersection 5.Mosaic

19. 1. Patch / matrix Mussel bed patch Patch of native grass Matrix of alpine vegetation

20. 2. Edge Edge marked by change in eco-tone? Or by man-made path? Transitional or abrupt? Edge of red fir patch Straight or convoluted?

21. 3. Corridors & Networks

22. Pan-European Ecological Network concept Corridors, networks and landscape connectivity

23. 4. Intersection - the intersection of corridors

24. 5. Mosaic

25. Five Main Ecological Functions: 1.Barrier (eg. to keep invasive species out or to protect a specie) 2.Filter (water, noise, soil contaminants) 3.Conduit (for specie migration, dispersal, daily commuting) 4.Source (reproduction, nesting, spawning) 5.Sink (energy/solar, species)