1. Patches production. Perspectives of transdermal dosage forms development As. prof. Beley N.N. Ternopil State Medical University about Horbachevsky

2. Patche is dosage form for external application that is capable of softening at body temperature to adhere to the skin. At room temperature emplastic mass is dense, but at the human body it becomes soft and sticky. When the temperature increases further patches begin to melt, turning into a thick liquid. For convenience, the patches are plastered over the fabric or paper.

3. The patches are classified for the purpose of: 1. Epidermatical patches 2. Endermetical patches 3. Diadermatical patches

4. Epidermatical patches can be used: 1) to protect any part of the body from harmful influences; 2) to close the disfiguring skin blemishes; 3) to bring together the edges of the wound; 4) for fixing on the skin surface dressings. They must be sufficiently sticky, firmly to stick to the skin and not irritate it.

5. Endermetical patches - are patches in emplastic mass of which various drugs for a therapeutic effect on diseased skin can be administered.

6. Diadermatical patches  are patches with drugs, penetrating through the skin and affecting water deeply lying tissue.

7. Transdermal patch

8. Composition transdermal patches

9. Drug delivery

11. Application

12. The structure of the patch

13. The patches are classified: 1. For the composition: - ordinary - rubber 2. For way of preparation: - patches in the mass - patches plastered 3. For natures of the substances that are prevalent in emplastic base, ordinary patches can be divided into four subgroups: - Lead (Diachylon), - Lead-pitch, - Lead-wax, - Pitch-wax patches.

15. Nomenclature  Simple diachylon  Advanced diachylon  Dominant band  Adhesive plaster adhesive  Pepper band  Sinapism  Liquid plasters  Films and sponges

16. Application

17. Simple diachylon - solid homogeneous mass of grayish or yellowish color while heated becomes sticky and tacky. Composition: Pb oxide (litharge) -10.0 g; Sunflower - 10,0 g; Purified pork fat - 10,0 g; Water purified enough.

18. Stages of the simple diachylon obtaining: 1. Melting of the oil and fat 2. Shredding of the litharge 3. Sifting of the litharge 4. Mixing of the litharge with fresh boiling water 5. Mixing of suspensions of Pb oxide with alloy of oil and fat 6. Production of the patches mass 7. Washing of the patches mass from glycerol 8. Drying patches

19. Elastic plastered patches Composition: Natural rubber - 25,7 pm Rosin - 20,35 pm Zinc oxide - 32,00 pm Lanolin anhydrous - 9,90 pm Liquid paraffin - 11,30 pm Neozon D - 0,75 pm

20. Technology of elastic plastered patches : 1. Preparation of rubber glue (dissolution of rosin and rubber in gasoline)  2. Obtaining feed substances that prevent aging (homogenization mixture of lanolin with Anti-aging substance ) 3. Preparation of zinc base (homogenization mixture lanolin, beeswax and zinc oxide) 4. Mixing rubber adhesives, pastes and zinc substances that prevent aging of basis (6 hours) 5. Putting of the patches mass on the base made of fabric on a moved belt machines for plastering of mass (shredding)

21. Putting of the patches mass on the base made of fabric

24. Steps of patches formation

25. Patches manufacturing

27. Pepper Patch (Emplastrum capsici) is are produced in the form of rectangular pieces of paper diverse size. -11 % of the thick extract of capsicum (formulated specifically for the patch) - 0.3 % thick, herb extracts - 0,3 % tinctures Aralia.

28. Skin glue  liquid, leaving adhesive elastic strong film at the skin after evaporation of the solvent. Skin adhesives are otherwise called liquid adhesives, and relatively widely used as epidermatical and endermatical patches

29. Transdermal drug delivery due Electrophoresis

31. Thank for your attentive