1. The Birth of Turkey Goals: To understand the decline of the Ottoman Empire To understand the rise of Turkish nationalism

2. Turkish Nationalism Turkish nationalists sought to overthrow the Ottoman Empire to establish their own homeland Ottoman Empire sided with Berlin Mustafa Kemal was viewed as a war hero by the Turks Kemal became the face of Turkish nationalism after the fall of the Empire

4. From the Ashes of the Empire The Ottoman Empire lost their Arab provinces The Ottoman’s were now limited to Anatolia 1920 – Treaty of Sevres stated the following: ◦ Greece would get some former Ottoman lands ◦ Italy was given southwest Anatolia ◦ France controlled trade with Syrian Mandate ◦ Eastern Anatolia divided amongst the Armenians and Kurds ◦ A Turkish-controlled region will remain in central Anatolia

6. Picking Up the Pieces Turkish nationalists refused to accept the division of their homeland Mustafa Kemal led nationalists to establish a Turkish state Kemal reclaimed the entire Aegean coast and regained control of Anatolia On Nov 1, 1922, the Ottoman sultanate was abolished

8. Republic Rising The Treaty of Sevres had failed The Treaty of Lausanne ensured Turkish sovereignty in Anatolia Greece and Turkey organized a “population exchange” (Turkey kicked out the Greek population and Greece kicked out the Turks) Oct 29, 1923 – The Republic of Turkey was established and Mustafa Kemal was the first president The capital was moved from Istanbul to Ankara