1. 8th Grade Grammar
Vocabulary and Notes

2. Instructions for Grammar Lessons
Every time we have a grammar lesson you are expected to take notes.
Since you will not be able to take the textbook home, your notes will help you with completing your homework and with studying for tests.
You need to write down the vocabulary and any notes on the powerpoint.
I may also write notes on the board which you will need to write down too.

3. Grammar Lesson 1 Vocab: Direct democracy: the people govern themselves
Indirect democracy: the citizens do not directly handle the affairs of the government

4. Four Types of Sentences/Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates
A sentence: a group of words that expresses a complete thought
Four types:
Declarative: makes a statement and ends with a period
Interrogative: asks a question and ends with a question mark
Imperative: expresses a command or a request and ends with a period, or an !
Exclamatory: shows excitement or strong feeling and ends with a !

5. Simple subject/simple predicate
A sentence has two main parts, the subject and the predicate
The subject: the part that tells who or what the sentence is about
The predicate: the part that tells something about the subject
The complete subject or predicate may consist of a single word or of many words.
A subject or predicate consisting of many words always has an essential part that we call the simple subject or simple predicate

6. Simple Subject
The main word or words in a sentence that tell who or what is doing or being something, or who or what the sentence is about
In an imperative sentence, the subject “you” is understood

7. Simple Predicate The verb A verb expresses action or being
Sometimes the simple predicate contains more than one word, this is called the verb phrase
Sometimes the order of the subject and predicate is reversed
In interrogative sentences, we usually find parts of the predicate split by the subject

8. Grammar Lesson 2 Vocab: Advert: means to call attention to something
Avert: means to turn away

9. Complete Sentences, Sentence Fragments, and Run-on Sentences
Complete sentence: expresses a complete thought, has both a subject and predicate
Sentence fragments: a piece of a sentence that lacks a subject or a verb or both
Run-on sentences: two complete thoughts, written or spoken as one sentence without proper punctuation or connecting words

10. Grammar Lesson 3 Vocab: The Latin word bell- means war
Bellicose means warlike, aggressive, and quarrelsome
Antebellum refers to times before a war, especially the American Civil War

11. Action Verbs/ Diagramming the Simple Subject and Simple Predicate
Action verb: describes what the subject does, did, or will do
A sentence can contain more than one action verb
We can make our writing more vivid and accurate by using descriptive and precise action verbs
Diagramming: see notes on board