1. The Spanish-American War

2. Cuban Rebellion (pg 735) *1898 Cuba and Puerto Rico were Spain’s last remaining colonies in the Western Hemisphere *1898 Cuba and Puerto Rico were Spain’s last remaining colonies in the Western Hemisphere Cuba’s sugar-cane plantation generated considerable wealth for Spain Cuba’s sugar-cane plantation generated considerable wealth for Spain 1868 Cuban rebels launched guerrilla warfare against Spanish authorities 1868 Cuban rebels launched guerrilla warfare against Spanish authorities

4. Jose Marti* Writer and Poet Writer and Poet *Father of the Cuban Revolution *Father of the Cuban Revolution Lived in NYC in 1880’s Lived in NYC in 1880’s Brought Cuban exiles together to train in preparation for an invasion of Cuba Brought Cuban exiles together to train in preparation for an invasion of Cuba Killed in battle in 1895 at age 43 Killed in battle in 1895 at age 43

5. Spanish Fight Back! *Spain sent nearly 200,000 troops to put down the rebellion *Spain sent nearly 200,000 troops to put down the rebellion *General Valeriano Weyler was appointed Governor *General Valeriano Weyler was appointed Governor Nicknamed “The Butcher” Nicknamed “The Butcher” Reconcentration camps Reconcentration camps

6. America Supports Cuba Many Americans openly supported the Cuban rebels Many Americans openly supported the Cuban rebels Stories of Spanish atrocities were reported in two of the nations major newspapers Stories of Spanish atrocities were reported in two of the nations major newspapers New York Journal (William Randolph Hearst) New York Journal (William Randolph Hearst) New York World (Joseph Pulitzer) New York World (Joseph Pulitzer) Yellow Journalism-* writers exaggerate or make up stories Yellow Journalism-* writers exaggerate or make up stories

7. Hearst* vs. Pulitzer* William RandolphJoseph New York WorldNew York Journal

8.  How long are the Spaniards to drench Cuba with the blood and tears of her people?  How long is the peasantry of Spain to be drafted away to Cuba to die miserably in a hopeless war, that Spanish nobles and Spanish officers may get medals and honors?  How long shall old Cuban men and women and children be murdered by the score, the innocent victims of Spanish rage against the patriot armies they cannot conquer?  How long shall the sound of rifles in Castle Morro at sunrise proclaim that bound and helpless prisoners of war have been murdered in cold blood?

9.  How long shall Cuban women be the victims of Spanish outrages and lie sobbing and bruised in loathsome prisons?  How long shall women passengers on vessels flying the American flag be unlawfully seized, stripped and searched by brutal, jeering Spanish officers, in violation of the laws of nations and of the honor of the U.S.?  How long shall American citizens, arbitrarily arrested while on peaceful and legitimate errands, be immured in foul Spanish prisons without trial?  How long shall the U.S. sit idle and indifferent within sound and hearing or rapine and murder? HOW LONG?HOW LONG?

10. Call for War *1897 William McKinley* became President *1897 William McKinley* became President Did not want to intervene Did not want to intervene Tried to work our peaceful conclusion Tried to work our peaceful conclusion *Spain removed Weyler and offered Cubans autonomy – the right to govern themselves *Spain removed Weyler and offered Cubans autonomy – the right to govern themselves *This angered Spanish loyalists, who began rioting in Havana *This angered Spanish loyalists, who began rioting in Havana

11. The U.S. Gets Involved *McKinley worried Americans would be killed, so he sent the USS Maine* to protect Americans living in Havana *McKinley worried Americans would be killed, so he sent the USS Maine* to protect Americans living in Havana On Feb. 15 th, 1898, the Maine exploded On Feb. 15 th, 1898, the Maine exploded

14. *USS Maine---260 US sailors killed *Nobody really knew what caused the explosion, but Spain was blamed for it Polarized Americans to support the war against Spain. Hearst was heard to say, “Supply me with pictures and I’ll give you a war”.

15. Hearst vs. Pulitzer

16. The U.S. Gets Involved On April 19 th, 1898, Congress proclaimed Cuba independent and demanded Spain withdraw from the island On April 19 th, 1898, Congress proclaimed Cuba independent and demanded Spain withdraw from the island On April 24 th, Spain declared war on America On April 24 th, Spain declared war on America

17. A War on Two Fronts Navy’s North Atlantic Squadron blockaded Cuba Navy’s North Atlantic Squadron blockaded Cuba *Commodore George Dewey was ordered to attack the Spanish in the Philippines *Commodore George Dewey was ordered to attack the Spanish in the Philippines *May 1 st, 1898, Dewey destroyed entire Spanish Pacific fleet *May 1 st, 1898, Dewey destroyed entire Spanish Pacific fleet When the U.S. sent reinforcements, they took Guam from Spain as well When the U.S. sent reinforcements, they took Guam from Spain as well

19. Emilio Aguinaldo* *Filipino revolutionary that helped Americans defeat the Spanish in the Philippines *Filipino revolutionary that helped Americans defeat the Spanish in the Philippines Later fought against U.S. in Filipino revolution Later fought against U.S. in Filipino revolution

20. Invasion of Cuba *June 14 th, 1898 17,000 U.S. troops landed east of Santiago, Cuba *June 14 th, 1898 17,000 U.S. troops landed east of Santiago, Cuba “Rough Riders” “Rough Riders” *U.S. performed a 4 pronged attack: *U.S. performed a 4 pronged attack: El Carey (N.E. of Santiago) El Carey (N.E. of Santiago) San Juan Heights San Juan Heights San Juan Hill San Juan Hill Kettle Hill (Rough Riders) Kettle Hill (Rough Riders)

21. The War In Cuba Spanish not prepared: Spanish not prepared: Tropical disease Tropical disease Months of fighting rebels Months of fighting rebels Old warships Old warships Poorly trained crew Poorly trained crew U.S. not prepared: U.S. not prepared: Volunteer Army Lacked resources to train an equip army Unsanitary camp conditions killed more soldiers than the war

22. “Rough Riders”* *Volunteer cavalry regiment formed by Theodore Roosevelt (led by Leonard Wood) *Volunteer cavalry regiment formed by Theodore Roosevelt (led by Leonard Wood) *Famous for victorious charge up Kettle Hill as part of larger battle for San Juan Hills *Famous for victorious charge up Kettle Hill as part of larger battle for San Juan Hills

24. Retreat!!! The Spanish commander in Santiago panicked and ordered his men to flee The Spanish commander in Santiago panicked and ordered his men to flee The Spanish ships were destroyed by the American fleet The Spanish ships were destroyed by the American fleet 2 weeks later the Spanish in Santiago surrendered 2 weeks later the Spanish in Santiago surrendered

25. The Spanish-American War Feb. 15: U.S.S. Maine Explodes April 24: War is declared May 1, 1898: The United States launched a surprise attack in Manila Bay and destroyed Spain’s entire Pacific fleet in seven hours. July 1: Roosevelt led the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill. July 3: The United States Navy sank the remaining Spanish ships. August 12: Fighting ends Treaty of Paris signed December 10, 1898 “A Splendid Little War”- Sec. of State John Hay War lasted 4 months

26. The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War Puerto Rico and Cuba Puerto Rico Puerto Rico strategic post in Caribbean, for protection of future canal Foraker Act* 1900, Foraker Act* sets up civil government - president appoints governor, upper house 1917, Puerto Ricans made U.S. citizens; elect both houses President McKinley installed a military government to protect American business interests. Cuba Cuba drafted a constitution in 1900 that did not allow for U.S. involvement. Platt Amendment*. The U.S. government only agreed to remove its troops if Cuba included the Platt Amendment*. (allowed for U.S. naval bases on the island and intervention whenever necessary.

27. The Aftermath 345 Americans died in combat 345 Americans died in combat 2,600 died from disease 2,600 died from disease 10,000 Cubans died during revolution 10,000 Cubans died during revolution 560 Spanish died in combat 560 Spanish died in combat 13,000 died from disease 13,000 died from disease The new American Empire: The new American Empire: Cuba Puerto Rico Philippines Guam Marked America’s entrance into world affairs Marked America’s entrance into world affairs Helped heal scars from civil war (North and South; black and white fought together ) Helped heal scars from civil war (North and South; black and white fought together )

28. To Annex or Not To Annex??? Pros: Pros: New Naval Base New Naval Base Market for goods Market for goods Stop over on the way to China Stop over on the way to China Duty to help less civilized people Duty to help less civilized people Cons: Cons: Cheap labor would drive down American wages Costly $$$$ Violated American principles

29. Philippines Annexed McKinley decided to annex the Philippines McKinley decided to annex the Philippines On December 10 th, 1898 the U.S. and Spain signed the treaty of Paris On December 10 th, 1898 the U.S. and Spain signed the treaty of Paris Cuba became independent Cuba became independent U.S. acquired Puerto Rico and Guam U.S. acquired Puerto Rico and Guam Paid Spain $20 million for the Philippines Paid Spain $20 million for the Philippines The United States had just become an imperial power The United States had just become an imperial power

30. Rebellion in the Philippines Revolt led by Emilio Aguinaldo Revolt led by Emilio Aguinaldo 126,000 U.S. troops sent to stop the insurrection 126,000 U.S. troops sent to stop the insurrection 4,300 U.S. soldiers killed 4,300 U.S. soldiers killed 50,000-200,000 Filipinos killed 50,000-200,000 Filipinos killed Aguinaldo captured March, 1901 Aguinaldo captured March, 1901 War declared over on July 4 th, 1902 War declared over on July 4 th, 1902