1. Preventing SQL Injection ~example of SQL injection $user = $_POST[‘user’]; $pass = $_POST[‘pass’]; $query = DELETE FROM Users WHERE user = ‘$user’ AND pass = ‘$pass’; Someone enters anything’ or 1=1# $user = $_POST[‘user’]; $pass = $_POST[‘pass’]; $query = DELETE FROM Users WHERE user = ‘anything’ OR 1=1#’ AND pass = ‘ ’; the results you lose everything in your database ~ how to prevent injection this function will remove any magic quotes added to a user in-putted string and then properly sanitize it for you – magic quotes are a built-in feature in php which automatically escape any characters such as a single and double quotes by prefacing them with a backslash (\)

2. Using Placeholders Idea is to predefine a query using ? Characters where the data appears Then instead of calling a MySQL query directly, you call the predefined one This ensures that every item of data entered is inserted directly into the database and cannot be interpreted as SQL queries.\ Once you have prepared a statement you can use it as often as you wish until you deallocate it. ~using placeholders with PHP

3. Preventing HTML Injection occurs when you allow HTML to be input by a user and then displayed back by your website one of the most common threat in HTML injection is that a malicious user will write the code that steals cookies from your site’s users prevent this by simply calling the htmlentities function, which strips out all HTML markup codes and replaces with a form that displays the characters not allowing a browser to act on them. ~ example for preventing both SQL and XSS injections