1. FREEDOM

2. THE PROCLAMATION 1763 Following the French & Indian War, English settlers expanded west into Indian Territory The British passed the Proclamation of 1763 banning westward expansion Colonists felt controlled England wanted to avoid Indian attacks

3. REVERSE … PRE-French & Indian War Who was the leader of England? King George III What was life like before the French & Indian War? The British practiced salutary neglect a long-lasting British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of laws. The idea was that if no restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would flourish. The colonies formed their own representative governments. How did the French and Indian War change the relationship between the colonists and England? Following the French & Indian War the British government aimed to pay for the war by taxing the colonists. The colonists were used to controls on trade by the British but not used to taxes on American goods. They also resented the presence of British troops in the colonies.

4. BRITISH MERCANTILISM Mercantilism was the British system of controlling colonial trade by the mother country for economic benefit Colonies provided raw materials, gold & silver, and food stuffs to England English sent their manufactured goods to the colonies The Navigation Acts limited American trade with other countries but was largely ignored.

5. QUARTERING ACT 1765 Following the French & Indian War, British troops remained in the colonies to defend against foreign threats. The Quartering Act required colonies to provide food and housing for British troops Colonial assemblies voted to refuse to supply British soldiers

6. STAMP ACT 1765 The British passed the Stamp Act that required all printed materials to be taxed. Colonists argued that this was “taxation without representation” The Stamp Act Congress, with colonial representatives from various colonies, called for a boycott (non-importation) of British goods. The British repealed the act but supported virtual representation with the Declaratory Act.

7. TOWNSHEND ACTS 1767 Charles Townshend, the British Exchequer, passed the Towshend Acts which taxed glass, lead, paper, paint & tea The taxes were resisted and more British troops were sent to the colonies The presence of British troops was met with hostility that led to the Boston Massacre in 1770

8. TEA ACT 1773 In 1773, the British passed the Tea Act to try and bail out the failing East India Company. The colonists responded with the Boston Tea Party Members of the Sons of Liberty boarded British ships and dumped the tea into Boston Harbor The British responded with the Intolerable Acts: disbanding Boston’s government and closing Boston’s Harbor

9. FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS The First Continental Congress met in 1775 to discuss petitioning England, forming colonial militias, and continued boycotts of British goods.

10. MONARCHY VS. REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT In a monarchy the governing power lies with a king and those that he appoints to office Parliament was the lawmaking body in England Citizens elect their own representatives who will represent them in government People create their government and have the right to make changes when they see fit (laws, elections)