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Published byAvice Fitzgerald Modified over 9 years ago
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CASES Everything you ever wanted to know and didn’t dare ask!
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NOMINATIVE The only case that doesn’t multitask! Used for the SUBJECT of the sentence only The SUBJECT is the person or thing that does the action of the verb Der Mann spricht Die Frau spricht Das Kind spricht Die Kinder sprechen
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ACCUSATIVE Used for the OBJECT of the sentence The OBJECT receives the action of the verb Ich sehe den Mann Ich sehe die Frau Ich sehe das Kind Ich sehe die Kinder NB Depending on your point of view, masculine is either special or a nuisance – it is the only one that changes article from the Nominative to the Accusative
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GENITIVE The least important of the four cases Used to denote POSSESSION Das Haus des Mann(e)s The man’s house (The house of the man) Das Haus der Frau The woman’s house (The house of the woman) Das Haus des Kind(e)s The child’s house (the house of the child) Das Haus der Kinder The children’s house (The house of the children)
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DATIVE Used for the INDIRECT OBJECT Verbs like ‘geben’ (to give) will usually have both a DIRECT OBJECT and an INDIRECT OBJECT Ich gebe dem Mann das Geschenk I give the man the present (I give the present to the man) Ich gebe der Frau das Geschenk I give the woman the present (I give the present to the woman) Ich gebe dem Kind das Geschenk I give the child the present (I give a present to the child) Ich gebe den Kindern das Geschenk I give the children the present (I give a present to the children)
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NB In both Genitive and Dative, as well as the article changing, there is sometimes an addition to the end of the noun This occurs in Genitive masculine and neuter (des Mann(e)s / des Kind(e)s Either ‘s’ or ‘es’ is added, depending on the rhythm of the sentence It also occurs in Dative plural (den Kindern) An ‘n’ is added if the last letter of the noun is not already an ‘n’
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PREPOSITIONS All prepositions are linked to a noun The only case NOT used with prepositions is the NOMINATIVE The other three cases are linked to particular prepositions Some prepositions link with EITHER the Accusative OR the Dative These are the ‘either/or’ prepositions – look at the verb! If it is a verb of the movement that would use ‘sein’ as an auxiliary in the Perfect, you must use the Accusative If there is no movement you must use the Dative
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TABLES Learn the articles vertically ‘der’ etc is the DEFINITE article ‘ein’ etc is the INDEFINITE article There is NO ‘ein’ form in the PLURAL
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MASCULINE Nomderein Accdeneinen Gendes (+es)eines (+es) Datdemeinem
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FEMININE Nomdieeine Accdieeine Gendereiner Datdereiner
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NEUTER Nomdasein Accdasein Gendes (+es)eines (+es) Datdemeinem
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PLURAL Nomdie Accdie Gender Datden(+n) if required
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