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AS2.2 - Disparities in Development Introduction to Cambodia
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Where is Cambodia? Here! Write a PARAGRAPH to describe Cambodia’s location in the world. Use the map to help you.
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This is what the CIA said. Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos. If you had something similar to that, give yourself a pat on the back:) The map to the right shows the location of Cambodia’s main cities/towns; major rivers/lakes & mountains.
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Mapping Exercise Using an atlas to help you, locate & label the following on the handout map of Cambodia: ➡ Capital & other main cities ➡ Major water bodies (i.e. rivers & lakes) ➡ Significant sites
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Some facts & figures Population: 14,701,717 (66th in the world) Age structure ➡ 0-14 years: 32.2% (m - 2,375,155/f - 2,356,305) ➡ 15-64 years: 64.1% (m - 4,523,030/f - 4,893,761) ➡ 65 years and over: 3.8% (m - 208,473/f - 344,993) Median age: Median age ➡ total: 22.9 years ➡ male: 22.2 years ➡ female: 23.7 years Population growth rate: Population growth rate ➡ 1.698% (66th in the world)
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Birth rate: 25.4 births/1,000 population (57th in the world) Birth rate57 Death rate: 8.07 deaths/1,000 population (102nd in the world) Death rate102 Net migration rate: -0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (131st in the world) Net migration rate (131 Urbanization: urban population: 20% of total population (2010) Urbanization ➡ rate of urbanization: 3.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) Major cities: ➡ PHNOM PENH (capital) - 1.519 million (2009) ➡ SIEM REAP - 171,800 (2009)
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Gross national income per capita ➡ $1,870 Life expectancy at birth m/f (years) ➡ 57/65 Probability of dying under five (per 1 000 live births) ➡ 88 Probability of dying between 15 and 60 years m/f (per 1 000 population) ➡ 350/190 Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2009) ➡ 119 Total expenditure on health as % of GDP (2009) ➡ 5.8
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A Brief History Kingdom of Funan (southern Cambodia): established circa 100AD; declined around 550AD. Khmer people created Kingdom of Chenla (north of Funan) by 600 AD; broke up in 700’s.
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A Brief History (cont.) From mid-800’s to 1400’s, Khmer people ruled powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire based at Angkor. ➡ Large building projects created roads, reservoirs, hospitals, schools & temples, ➡ By 1100’s they controlled much of modern Laos, southern Vietnam & Thailand. ➡ Internal/external conflicts & prolonged droughts weakened kingdom & Angkor was abandoned in mid-1400’s.
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Angkor Wat
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A Brief History (cont.) New Khmer kingdom established near modern Phnom Penh soon after Angkor was abandoned. This kingdon survived until mid-19th century, when France made Cambodia a part of French Indo-China. Cambodia gained independence from France in 1953 & in 1955 King Norodom Sihanouk became Prime Minister.
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A Brief History (cont.) General Lon Nol lead a military coup in 1970 and deposed Sihanouk. The country descended into civil war - something not helped by the ongoing conflict in Vietnam. The Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, took Phnom Penh in 1975 & renamed the country Kampuchea. The Vietnamese Army invaded in 1978 & remained in occupation until 1989.
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A Brief History (cont.) The Pol Pot regime embarked on a campaign of extreme socialism: ➡ Forced city dwellers into the country to work on farms under extremely harsh conditions ➡ Destroyed temples, banks and anything considered “western”
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➡ Expelled or killed huge numbers of Chinese, Vietnamese and Cham muslims ➡ Targeted ‘intellectuals’ - doctors, teachers, lawyers ➡ It is estimated that between 1 000 000 - 2 000 000 people died under Pol Pot’s leadership. A Brief History (cont.)
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Through the late 1980’s & early 1990’s the United Nations guided efforts to: ➡ Preserve a cease fire agreement between the Khmer Rouge & pro- democracy forces. ➡ Disarmament of Khmer Rouge soldiers ➡ Deal with the huge numbers of refugees ➡ Begin rebuilding the country
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What patterns can you see in this map? Where are the highest population densities? Why do you think they occur in those areas?
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Are there any relationship between the map on the previous and this map that shows land use & economic activity? Explain
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Market in Siem Reap. Regular people don’t shop in supermarkets. Why not?
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What do you think these women are doing? Why are they doing it here?
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From what you now know of Cambodia, which factors would you consider to be the main causes of disparities in Cambodia? Write 2-3 paragraphs to explain you thoughts.
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