1. English 3 Semester 1 Review

2. Emerson and Thoreau Transcendentalism Transcendentalism was a religious, philosophical, and literary movement that began to express itself in New England in the 1830s

3. Basic Beliefs of Transcendentalism People, nature, and God are interconnected. People must be individuals. People must rely on themselves. People should live simple lives and reject excessive material things. People are good. Celebrate emotion and imagination.

4. The Poetry of Whitman and Dickinson Both 19 th Century Poets used… Figurative Language – unusual comparisons Imagery – Descriptive words and phrases “The grass is sprouting alike in broad zones and narrow zones among black folks as well as white” (Whitman) Simile Metaphor Personification Hyperbole “Because I could not stop for death, he kindly stopped for me” (Dickinson)

5. Whitman Whitman’s Poetry…Example: Celebrated American life and nature. Although he used free verse, he created parallel structure, cataloging, and uniform stanzas to help his poems have rhythm. “The leaves and flowers of the commonest weeds, the moist stillness of the woods, the exquisite smell of the earth at daybreak

6. Dickinson Dickinson’s PoetryExample Dickinson was a young and highly original poet that used quatrains, slant rhymes and irregular capitalization to focus the readers attention on specific details. We passed the School where Children strove at Recess in the Ring. We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain, We passed the Setting Sun.”

7. Advanced Writing Techniques Complex SentencesExamples A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which. A. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page. B. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.

8. Advanced Writing Techniques Parallel StructureExamples Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or." With “ing” (gerund): Parallel: Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling. With “to” (infinitive): Parallel: Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle. With adjectives: Parallel: The Honda Civic can seat two, but the Honda CRV can seat seven.

9. Advanced Writing Techniques Rhetorical QuestionsExample A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question posed for its persuasive effect without the expectation of a reply. [1] Rhetorical questions encourage the listener to think about what the (often obvious) answer to the question must be. [1] "How much longer must our people endure this injustice?", no formal answer is expected. Rather, it is a rhetorical device used by the speaker to assert or deny something.

10. You are ready! Rules: Stay quiet and focused during the test. When you are finished, turn your test over and put your head down. I will run the scan sheets when a row is finished, but you will not get your grade until the end of class.