1. Lets test our understanding with sample questions from the chapter.
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2. End of module Would you like to clarify any thing on the module
End of module Would you like to clarify any thing on the module? Any suggestions for improvement?
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3. Business Analysis Planning and Monitoring
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4. What is planning? How planning helps? What the BA should be planning?
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5. Home sweet home
It was getting quite cold outside as the month of December was approaching. However, Dinesh was very relaxed as his first large Oracle Financials implementation for a prestigious retail chain in Seattle was well on schedule. He was confident that his team would complete the project in the balance one month left and he would be back home in India after 6 months of on-site stint. His phone rang. Todd, Head of Legal, wanted to see him. Dinesh had met Todd only during the project kick-off. For subsequent project review meetings, no one from legal function was invited. When he met Todd, his comments hit him hard. Todd told that most of the financial reports developed by Dinesh’s team need to be rewritten, as none met legal requirements with respect to US taxation. With just under a month left, Dinesh and his team were now faced with the task of completely rewriting these reports that had taken over 3 months to create.
Please read out key phrases even while the participants are reading from the slide
Please refer to your experiences when learning was available in other Projects, which when known earlier could have helped
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6. Tools for BA planning Lets review the handout and present
Acceptance and evaluation criteria definition
Brainstorming
Interviews
Decision analysis
Business rules analysis
Lets review the handout and present
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7. Business analysis tools..01
Acceptance and evaluation criteria definition
Acceptance criteria describe the minimal set of requirements that must be met in order for a particular solution to be worth implementing. Evaluation criteria are the set of requirements that will be used to choose between multiple solutions.
Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a group discussion oriented technique intended to produce a broad or diverse set of options. The primary rule behind brain-storming is no criticism to any one’s ideas and developing on others’ ideas.
Interviews
In an interview, the interviewer formally or informally directs questions to a stakeholder in order to obtain answers that will be used to create formal requirements.
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8. Business analysis tools..02
Decision analysis
Decision analysis is an approach to decision-making that examines and models the possible consequences of different decisions. Decision analysis assists in making an optimal decision under conditions of uncertainty.
Problem tracking
Problems may include issues, questions, risks, defects, conflicts, or other concerns that need to be tracked to resolution.
Root cause analysis
Root cause analysis is a structured examination of the aspects of a situation to establish the root causes and resulting effects of the problem.
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9. Business analysis tools..03
Lessons learned process
Lessons learned sessions can include any format or venue that works for the key stakeholders identified as participants in these sessions.
Metrics and Key performance indicators (KPI)
A metric is a quantifiable level of an indicator that an organization uses to measure progress. An indicator identifies a specific numerical measurement that represents the degree of progress toward achieving a goal, objective, output, activity or further input.
A KPI is one that measures progress towards a strategic goal or objective.
Reporting is the process of informing stakeholders of metrics of indicators in specified formats at specified intervals.
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10. Business analysis tools..04
Organization modeling
An organizational model defines how an organization or organizational unit is structured. Organizational units bring together a group of people to fulfill a common purpose or goal.
Process modeling
A process describes how multiple people or groups collaborate over a period of time to perform work.
Requirements workshops
A requirements workshop is a highly productive focused event attended by carefully selected key stakeholders and subject matter experts for a short, intensive period (typically one or a few days).
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11. Business analysis tools..05
Risk analysis
A risk describes an uncertain event or occurrence that may have an effect on the ability of the business analyst, project team, or organization to achieve an objective. Risks by their nature can be positive or negative.
User stories
A user story is a textual description of things that the solution needs to allow users to do. User stories are typically a sentence or two that describes who uses the story, the goal they are trying to accomplish, and any additional information that may be critical to understanding the scope of the story.
A user story includes a short description of the problem to be solved.
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12. Business analysis tools..06
Scope modeling
Scope models serve as a basis for defining and delimiting the scope of business analysis and project work. Scope models allow the definition of a 'complete' scope—that is, the boundaries of the scope correspond with the natural boundaries of a business domain.
Survey/Questionnaire
A survey administers a set of written questions to the stakeholders and subject matter experts.
Functional decomposition
Functional decomposition involves breaking down a large problem into smaller functions or deliverables.
Stakeholder map
A map indicating stakeholder influence and attitude
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13. Business analysis tools..07
Estimation
Estimation techniques are used to develop a better understanding of the possible range of costs and effort associated with any initiative. Estimation is used when it is impossible to determine exact costs. Estimation cannot and does not eliminate uncertainty; rather, the purpose of estimation is to get a reasonable assessment of likely costs or effort required.
Structured walkthrough
A structured walkthrough is a working session where invited participants review and discuss a set of requirements.
RACI chart
List of deliverables with information on Responsible (Author), Accountable (Approver), Consulted and Informed
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14. Business analysis planning and monitoring
Plan business analysis approach
Conduct stakeholder analysis
Plan business analysis activities
Plan business analysis communication
Plan requirements management process
Manage business analysis performance
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15. Inputs, Activities and Outputs
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16. What are the common approaches for Business Analysis
What are the common approaches for Business Analysis? How do these approaches differ? Which approach is good and why?
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17. Business analysis approach
Business analysis approaches describe the overall process that will be followed to perform business analysis work on a given initiative, how and when tasks will be performed, the techniques that will be used, and the deliverables that should be produced.
In software world, approaches could vary from waterfall to agile
Lean and Six Sigma
Plan driven vs. Change driven approaches
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18. Plan driven approaches vs. Change driven approaches
Attribute
Plan driven
Change driven
Focus
To detail as much as possible in the beginning to maximize control and reduce risk.
To discover as we go.
Authority to approve
Sponsor
Designated person
Applicable situation
Complex, high cost of failure, well drafted requirements possible.
Challenging stakeholder interaction.
Low cost of failure Requirements amorphous
Model
Water-fall
Agile / Iterative
Level of detail
High
Low
Change management
Formal process
Through product backlog, time driven
Communication
Formal
Informal
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19. What are the factors that a BA must consider while deciding on the business analysis approach? What are requirements management tools? How do they help the BA?
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20. Plan business analysis approach
Purpose: This task describes how to select an approach to performing business analysis, which stakeholders need to be involved in the decision, who will be consulted regarding and informed of the approach, and the rationale for using it.
Stakeholders : Customer, Domain SME, End user or Supplier, Implementation SME,
Project Manager, Tester, Regulator, Sponsor
Inputs
Activities
Outputs
Business need
Expert judgment
Organizational process assets
Decide BA approach depending on - Timing of business analysis work and formality and level of detail of BA deliverables
Identify requirements prioritization approach
Identify change management approach
Decide on business analysis planning process
Identify stakeholders communication approach
Requirement analysis and management tools
Business analysis approach
Tools and Techniques: Acceptance and evaluation criteria definition, Brainstorming, Interviews, Organization modeling, Process modeling, Requirements workshops, Risk analysis, Scenarios and Use cases and user stories, Scope modeling, Survey/Questionnaire, RACI matrix, Stakeholder maps
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21. Plan business analysis approach
Purpose
To select an approach for business analysis, decide which stakeholders need to be involved in the decision, and who will be consulted regarding and informed of the approach, and the rationale for using the approach.
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22. Element
Decide business analysis approach based on timing of business analysis work, formality and, level of detail for business analysis deliverables.
Identify requirements prioritization approach.
Identify change management approach.
Decide on business analysis planning process.
Identify stakeholder communication approach.
Identify requirements analysis and management tools.
Estimate business analyst effort based on project complexity.
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23. Who are stakeholders. Why stakeholder analysis is critical
Who are stakeholders? Why stakeholder analysis is critical? How do we analyze stakeholders?
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24. Who are stakeholders?
Stakeholders are all those who have interest in the project and who may influence the project outcome
Key stakeholders are
Project sponsor
Customer
Users
Project Team
Functions affected by the project implementation
Why manage stakeholders?
Stakeholder management is critical to the success of every project in every organization you will ever work with.
By engaging the right people in the right way in your project, you can make a big difference to its success and to your career.
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25. Steps in stakeholder management
Stakeholder Identification
Identifying key stakeholders who will or will be influenced by your project
Stakeholder Analysis
Understanding needs, expectations, and interests of key stakeholders
Stakeholder Management
Managing stakeholder expectations and helping them adapt to change
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26. Identifying stakeholders
Customers, suppliers, regulators, and others
Solution Delivery
Affected
Organizational Unit
Organization
or Enterprise
Affected External
Stakeholders
Sponsors, executives, domain SMEs, and others who interact with the affected group.
End users, help desk, and others whose work changes when the solution is delivered
Project team and others directly involved with creating the solution
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27. Stakeholder influence patterns
Understand reasons for discomfort
Engage actively
Communicate vigorously
Identify positive influencers who can influence these stakeholders
You are lucky!
Positive
High Influence
Negative
Low Influence
Negative Low Influence
Identify what should be done to move these stakeholders to high influence zone
Understand reasons for discomfort
Engage actively
Communicate frequently
Identify positive influencers who can influence these stakeholders
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28. Stakeholder charter Lets have a look at sample stakeholder charter!
Many stakeholder management issues can be resolved by having an appropriate stakeholder charter
A stakeholder charter sets ground rules for engagement with all stakeholders
This is a joint responsibility of the project manager and business analyst
Lets have a look at sample stakeholder charter!
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29. Conduct stakeholder analysis
Purpose: This task covers the identification of stakeholders who may be affected by a proposed initiative or who share a common business need, identifying appropriate stakeholders for the project or project phase, and determining stakeholder influence and/or authority regarding the approval of project deliverables.
Stakeholders : Domain SME, Implementation SME, Project Manager, Tester, Regulator, Sponsor
Inputs
Activities
Outputs
Business need
Enterprise architecture
Organizational process assets
Identify stakeholders
Determine complexity of stakeholder group
Assess stakeholder attitudes
Stakeholder list, roles, and responsibilities
Tools and Techniques: Acceptance and evaluation Criteria definition , Brainstorming, Interviews, Organization modeling, Process modeling, Requirements workshops, Risk analysis, Scenarios and use cases and User stories, Scope modeling, Survey, RACI matrix, Stakeholder map
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30. Conduct stakeholder analysis
Purpose
Identify stakeholders affected by a proposed initiative, or who share a common business need, appropriate stakeholders for project or project phase, determine stakeholder influences and, approval authority for project deliverables.
Element
Identify stakeholders.
Determine complexity of stakeholder groups.
Assess stakeholder attitudes.
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31. Plan business analysis activities
Purpose: Determine the activities that must be performed and the deliverables that must be produced, estimate the effort required to perform that work, and identify the management tools required to measure the progress of those activities and deliverables
Stakeholders: Customer, Domain SME, End user, Supplier, Implementation SME, Operational support, Project manager, Tester, Sponsor
Inputs
Activities
Outputs
Business analysis approach
Business analysis performance assessment
Organizational process assets
Stakeholder list, roles, and responsibilities
Consider geographic distribution of stakeholders
Type of Project or Initiative
Identify the deliverables from Business analysis
Determine Business Analysis Activities
Business analysis plan
Tools and Techniques: Estimation, Functional decomposition, Risk analysis
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32. Plan business analysis activities
Purpose
Determine business analysis activities to be performed, deliverables to be produced, estimate effort, and identify tools required to measure progress of those activities and deliverables.
Element
Consider geographic distribution of stakeholders.
Type of project or initiative.
Identify business analysis deliverables.
Determine business analysis activities.
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33. Plan business analysis communication
Purpose: A business analysis communications plan describes the proposed structure and schedule for communications regarding business analysis activities. Record and organize the activities to provide a basis for setting expectations for business analysis work, meetings, walkthroughs, and other communications.
Stake holders: Customer and Supplier, Domain SME, End User, Implementation SME, Operational Support, Project Manager, Tester, Regulator, Sponsor
Inputs
Activities
Outputs
Business Analysis Approach
Business Analysis Plan
Organizational Process Assets
Stakeholder List, Roles, and Responsibilities
Consider the geographic locations
Consider the culture diversity
Type of project
Determine communication frequency
Consider level of communication formality
Business analysis communication plan
Tools and Techniques: Structured Walkthrough
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34. Plan business analysis communication
Purpose
Describe structure and schedule for communications regarding business analysis activities.
Element
Consider geographic locations.
Consider cultural diversity.
Consider type of project.
Determine communication frequency.
Consider communication formality.
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35. What is requirements management
What is requirements management? Why requirements management is critical? How do we manage requirements?
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36. Plan requirements management process
Purpose: Define the process that will be used to approve requirements for implementation and manage changes to the solution or requirements scope
Stake holders : Domain SME, End User, Implementation SME, Operational Support, Project Manager, Tester, Sponsor
Inputs
Activities
Outputs
Business Analysis Approach
Business Analysis Plan
Organizational Process Assets
Maintain repository of requirements
Trace the requirements
Select requirements attributes
Prioritize the requirements
Follow change management
Requirements management plan
Tools and Techniques: Decision Analysis, Problem Tracking, Risk Analysis
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37. Plan requirements management process
Purpose
Define process to be used to approve requirements for implementation and manage changes to solution or requirements scope.
Element
Define requirements repository.
Define traceability requirements.
Identify requirement attributes.
Define requirements prioritization process.
Define requirements change management process.
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38. Demo of Open Source Requirements Management Tool (OSRMT)
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39. Manage business analysis performance
Purpose: To manage the performance of business analysis activities to ensure that they are executed as effectively as possible.
Stake holders: Domain SME, End User, Implementation SME, Operational Support, Project Manager, Tester, Sponsor
Inputs
Activities
Outputs
Business Analysis Performance Metrics
Business Analysis Plan
Organizational Performance Standards
Requirements Management Plan
Determine the performance measures
Prepare Performance Reports
Identify the Preventive And Corrective Action
Business Analysis Performance Assessment
Business Analysis Process Assets
Tools and Techniques: Interviews, Lessons Learned Process, Metrics and Key Performance Indicators, Problem Tracking, Process Modeling, Root Cause Analysis , Survey/Questionnaire
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40. Manage business analysis performance
Purpose
To manage performance of business analysis activities to ensure they are executed as effectively as possible.
Element
Determine BA performance measures.
Prepare performance reports.
Identify preventive and corrective actions.
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41. Lets review the vocabulary for the knowledge area (10 Mins)
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42. Lets develop a business analysis plan for the given case study
Lets develop a business analysis plan for the given case study. Time : 30 Minutes
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