1. Emily Zhu, Trevor Kelly, Hanna Hoyt, Benton Bickett Period 2

2. The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment or surroundings.

3. An individual is a single organism of a certain species.

4. A group of organisms that are similar enough to breed and produce fertile offspring.

5. A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

6. A collection of different populations that live in a defined area.

7. A collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place together with their nonliving or physical environment.

8. A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities.

9. Contains the combined portions of the planet in which all life exists, including land water and atmosphere.

10. A producer is an organism that can produce their own food by capturing light from the sun. Also called Autotrophs A consumer is an organism that relies on other organisms for their energy and food supply. Also called Heterotrophs.

11. Energy Shows the relative amount of energy available at each trophic level. Biomass Shows the amount of organic matter at each trophic level. Population Shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level. A diagram that shows the relative amount of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chained or web.

12. A chart that describes the relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem that form a network of complex interactions.

13. Habitat: where a population lives Niche: the role a population fills in an ecosystem.

14. Predation: when one organism captures and feeds on another organism. Symbiosis: where 2 species live together closely. Mutualism: where both species benefit from the relationship. Commensalism: when one member benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. Parasitism: where one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it.

15. A series of changes in a community in which new populations of organisms gradually replace the existing ones. Primary The colonization of new sites, which takes place on bare rock with no soil. Takes a very long time. Secondary The colonization of an existing site that was disrupted by natural disasters or human actions. Takes place on existing soil. Much quicker than primary succession.

16. Growth rate: # of births + #of deaths population Carrying capacity: the actual number of organisms that the environment can support. Limiting factors: environmental variables that limit the number of individuals in a population (food, space, water, predators)

17. A.)an ecosystem B.) a biome. C.) the biosphere D.) ecology

18. A.) energy pyramid B.) pyramid of numbers C.) biomass pyramid D.) biogeochemical cycle

19. A.) rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply B.) consume plant and animal remains and other dead matter C.) use energy they take in from the environment to convert inorganic molecules into complex organic molecules D.) obtain energy by eating only plants

20. A.) An organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter B.) Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds C.) Organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes D.) tiny, free-floating organisms that occur in aquatic environments

21. A.) the owl and the bird B.) the mouse and the dragonfly C.) the sunflower D.) the ladybug, grass hopper, and caterpillar

22. A.) Birds, grass, temperature B.) soil, insects, grass C.) Birds, grass, insects D.) temperature, soil

23. A.) Mutualism B.) Commensalism C.) Parasitism D.) Symbiosis

24. A.) Primary Succession B.) Secondary Succession C.) Ecological Succession D.) None of the above

25. A.) Ecosystem B.) Community C.) Population D.) Biosphere

26. A.) human disturbances B.) Immigration C.) predation D.) both A and C

27. 1.) C 2.) C 3.) C 4.) A 5.) D 6.) C 7.) B 8.) B 9.) C 10.) D