2. RISK FACTORS ? WARNING SIGNS ? WHAT CAN WE LEARN?

3. #1 People who talk about suicide don’t do it. FALSE 80% people who have completed suicide talk about it or give some clues or signals QUIZ

4. #2 Those who attempt suicide but don’t die are unlikely to try again. FALSE Average of 8 to 20 attempts prior to completed suicide QUIZ

5. #3 Uncompleted attempts at suicide are only a means of getting attention and should not be taken seriously. FALSE  If someone is dying for attention they need it! QUIZ

6. #4 Nearly all who commit suicide leave a note. FALSE  1 in 3 people who complete suicide leave a note QUIZ

7. #5Most people who are suicidal really want to die. FALSE  7 out of 10 teens attempt at home while a parent is in the house QUIZ

8. #6 Talking about suicide will increase the possibility of someone doing it. FALSE  Talking about suicidal thoughts decreases isolation, and can address symptoms of depression  Buys time to get the person help QUIZ

9. #7All people who are suicidal are deeply depressed. FALSE  Related, but not across the board  Some seem happier than ever QUIZ

10. #8When a depressed person improves, there is no longer any danger of suicide. FALSE 60-90 days after hitting bottom is critical time frame QUIZ

11. #9 A person who is suicidal rarely seeks medical attention. FALSE 75% of those who complete a suicide have seen their doctor within a few months of taking their lives QUIZ

12. #10 A completed suicide of a person in counseling is a sign that therapy does not work. FALSE 95% of those who commit suicide are not receiving therapy QUIZ

13.  Females attempt 3 times more often than males  Males complete suicide 4 times often more than females STATISTICS

14. REGIONS Pacific/West Coast Rocky MountainsMid WestEast Coast

15.  Utah's suicide rate has been consistently higher than the U.S. rate for the last decade. In addition, Utah has the: 11th highest young adult (ages 18-24) suicide rate in the U.S. 17th highest teen (ages 10-17) suicide rate in the U.S.  Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death for Utah youth ages 10-17 and Utah young adults ages 18-24. RATES IN THE NATION

16. TEENSYOUNG ADULTSADULTSELDERLY POPULATION

17. Utah’s consistently high youth suicide rate prompted the development of the “Utah Youth Suicide Study” Results showed: 89% of the suicide decedents were male. Referral to Juvenile Court was a risk factor for completed suicide, with 63% of suicide decedents having had contact with the juvenile courts. UTAH YOUTH SUICIDE STUDY

18. SEASONS WINTERSPRINGSUMMERFALL

19. Suicidal threats Previous suicide attempts Alcohol and drug abuse Statements revealing a desire to die Sudden changes in behavior Prolonged depression Making final arrangements Giving away prized possessions Purchasing a gun or stockpiling pills WARNING SIGNS OF SUICIDE

20. Ask a question, save a life. Q Question the person about the suicide. Do they have thoughts? Feelings? Plans? Don’t be afraid to ask. P Persuade the person to get help. Listen carefully…then say “Let me help.” Or, “Come with me to get help.” R Refer for help. If a child or adolescent, contact the parent first. QUESTION PERSUADE REFER

21. Family connectedness and school connectedness (Kaminski et al, J Youth Adol, 2010) Reduced access to firearms (Grossman et al., JAMA, 2005) Safe Schools (Eisenberg et al., J PED, 2007) Academic Achievement (Borowsky et al., Pediatrics, 2001) Self-esteem (Sharaf e al., JCAPN, 2009) PROTECTIVE FACTORS

22.  Realize someone might be suicidal.  Reach out. Asking the question DOES NOT increase risk.  Listen. Talking things out can save a life.  Don’t try to do everything yourself. Get others involved  Don’t promise secrecy and don’t worry about being disloyal.  If persuasion fails, call your mental health center. Local hotline, or emergency services. TO SAVE A LIFE…

23. -  National Suicide Prevention: 1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273- 8255)  Hopeline Network: 1-800-SUICIDE (1-800-784-2433) (www.hopeline.com)  UNI Crisis Line 801-587-3000 (mobile crisis outreach available)  Highland Ridge Hospital Helpline: 1-800-821-4357 CRISIS HOTLINES

24. American Association of Suicidology resources Warning Signs of Suicide at http://www.suicidology.org/web/guest/state- and-tools/suicide-warning-signs Risk Factors for Suicide and other suicide prevention fact sheets at http://www.suicidology.org/web/guest/state-and-tools/suicide-fact-sheets National Center for the prevention of Youth Suicide http://www.preventyouthsuicide.org REFERENCES