1. Impact Evaluation 4 Peace 24-27 March 2014, Lisbon, Portugal 1 The role of politicians in delivering government projects Daniel Rogger Economist, University College London DIME (from September, 2014) Latin America and the Caribbean’s Citizen Security Team

4. What do civil servants say?

5. Civil servants views of politicians Nigeria: “Politicians significantly influence the success of 50% of public projects” Guyana: “42% of officials stated politicians' interference is a significant determinant of project success” Bangladesh: “Interference by politicians leads to a 50% increase in losses from corruption”

7. Evidence of politician effects?

9. How do politicians go about changing the way the bureaucracy works?

10. Politicians transfer officials across posts

11. Politicians change the organisations that implement public projects 15% more likely to decentralise

12. Politicians directly engage officials 12% more likely to directly engage officials

14. Fragile/conflict countries State failure hits citizens even harder Weakness of government may be a key source of conflict and fragility Less checks and balances on politicians, and on their interaction with civil servants

16. Measurement! Document how political factors are affecting your interventions. How are your civil service reforms impacting on the nature of interaction between politicians and officials? How do civil service reforms change the political dynamics within the civil service?

18. Reform! Add political interference reforms onto your wider civil service reforms, and evaluate them Example: Some types of decentralisation politicise service delivery in a negative way, whilst other types build effective compacts – what is the response of politicians going to be to your specific reform?

19. Experiment! Experiment with the best means of managing the relationship between politicians and civil servants The BIG question: What provides politicians with an incentive to support the civil service in its duties to deliver public services?

20. Conclusions: the big idea