1. 8/24/20151 Prof Jan Heystek Department of Education Policy Studies Faculty of Education University of Stellenbosch Heystek@sun.ac.za Emasa 2011 School leader’s identity in ethnical diverse primary schools in South Africa and England

2. http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/country/southafrica.html 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lusikisiki 8/24/20152Hasselt 2010

3. 8/24/20153 Diversity Language, race, ethnicity Gender Learner ability and needs Socio economic environment Hasselt 2010

4. 8/24/20154 South Africa school context Eleven official languages 24 751 schools In most schools there is one ethnic group dominates At 1994, about 3000 former white, Coloured and Indian schools; After 1994 learner composition changed Currently most of former white, Coloured and Indian schools with large number of African learners England similar situation, learner population change, teacher population limited change Hasselt 2010

5. 8/24/2015Hasselt 20105 Identity You cannot think diversity loose from identity Identity is the building foundation for diversity Individual identity Group identity

6. 8/24/20156 Scale and intensity of diversity Europe – immigrants; small percentage of population US – permanent residents – European and native American Afro Americans Immigrants - Spanish speaking South Africa Permanent residents Immigrants – Africa? Hasselt 2010

7. 8/24/2015Hasselt 20107 Social researcher Objectivity and subjectivity Own identity and life world

8. 8/24/20158 Students (teachers) in Advanced certificate and Honours programs Twelve venues in the country 2545 completed questionnaires Sample Table 1: Racial classification First phase African 2472 Coloured 31 Indian 13 White 29 African 248 Table 2: Phase 2 Hasselt 2010

9. 8/24/20159Hasselt 2010

10. 8/24/201510 The case studies South Africa – three school England - one school Interviews Principals of schools Senior management team / teachers Learners Hasselt 2010

11. 8/24/201511 Theory Social capital (Something valuable – if not used – become depleted) Social reproduction (Critical theory perspective) Social identity theory Social identity theory (Tajfel) In and out group Advantage in group In and out group may differ in and out side school context Power to make decisions Hasselt 2010

12. 8/24/201512 Identity Who am I? See it in the SA context My personal identity in the school / community identity Diversity Difficult to define diversity – Race is obvious The rest is vague The other - in a micro and macro context Dominant group determines us and them Who is dominant group in SA context (White teacher ) school in dominant African South African context Hasselt 2010

13. 8/24/201513 Leaders are not trained or supported for the diversity Hasselt 2010 Lead and manage diversity Change the structure New policies Learner composition Teacher composition Agency to change it Leader People Attitude Motivation