1. Industrial Revolution Why Britain First? The Effects on Europe The Effects on the World

2. Why Britain First Reasons 1.England was small enough to build roads, waterways, canals and railroads to cover the whole country. 2.England was already urbanized. (People had already begun moving to cities to look for jobs) 3.England began using new technology like railroads especially fuels like coal. 4.The new forms of agriculture allowed for more production of food 5.England had a large pool of unemployed people looking for work

3. England

4. Effects of the Industrial Revolution Improvement in Transportation Urbanization Working Conditions The Rise of Big Business Laissez-Faire Economics Rise in Standard of Living Change in Social Roles New Class Structure

5. Transportation Improvements in transportation –The steam engine allows for cheap transportation. The steam engine was first used in mining –James Watt makes a faster and more efficient engine. Steam engines are use on boats making the transportation of people and raw materials cheaper and faster. –Robert Fulton, American

6. Transportation Railroads –A cheap way to transport goods and raw materials. –Created new jobs in both the railroad industry and mining industry (coal to run the trains) –Made travel easier

7. Class Question Write down on a sheet of paper what –Urbanization is defined as –Next brainstorm with a partner the following Your city is set up to hold 40,000 people and you do so very efficiently –Good trash pick up, sewers work well, enough food, hospital spaces, jobs, transportation systems, police, housing for all In 9 years your city triples in size to 120,000 people or a little less then 9,000 new people a year. What problems might your city have. –Brainstorm and write down the problems

8. Urbanization Due to the growth of the factories in the cities people moved from the rural areas to the cities. –By 1850 most major European cities double in size. –In most cities the living conditions were poor. Cities were without sewage, and garbage rotted on the streets.

9. Urbanization Why was there a growth of cities –People were living longer because of better diets –The number of wars and epidemic diseases declined (What does epidemic mean) –Factories sprung up in cities

10. Class Question On a sheet of paper write down two to three reasons why factories sprung up in cities and not in rural areas.

11. Urbanization Factories –Sprung up because Large labor force to work in the factories Most cities had railroads and canal or rivers for easy transportation of goods Access to large steam engines and machines Banks and money systems in cities Most investors lived in cities

12. Urbanization Living Conditions –People lived in areas called row houses –People lived in overcrowded apartments –Most apartments had no Running water Sewers Trash pick up

13. Urbanization The city –Sewers and open drains were common in most cities –Because cities could not get rid of human and animal waste, it rotted in the streets Cities smelled horrid –With no fresh drinking water people often drank from unsanitary water

14. Class Question If there are open sewers, waste in the streets, dirty water what are you going to have in cities? List on a sheet of paper

15. Urbanization Disease spread quickly. Cholera epidemics wiped out large portions of the people living in the slums.

16. Urbanization Typhus can be carried by lice, fleas, or mites. It is not be transferred from person to person. Often times these lice live in dirty, unclean bedding, clothing. People who can not wash their clothing, clean themselves or have clean bedding will often times contract lice. Symptoms –Severe headache –Chills –Fever –General aches –Rash –It kills up to 40 percent of its victims –If not treated the person dies in about two weeks

17. Urbanization An acute diarrhea disease of the intestines. Caused by bacteria. After contraction the person can show signs after a few hours or up to 5 days later. If untreated a persons chances of survival are about 40% After the bacteria is ingested they multiply in great numbers. The bacteria produces a toxin that disrupts the intestine. Symptoms –Some may have no symptoms at all. –Generally Severe dehydration Massive diarrhea Vomiting Muscle cramps from the loss of water Sunken eyes Dry tongue

18. Urbanization People lived in crowded buildings. No police protection. Life span for a person in the city was 17.

19. Class Question Working Conditions –Take a moment and write down what happens to people when they work long hours, six days a week at a repetitive job with machines.

20. Factories and Working Conditions Factories –Factory owners wanted to keep the machines running as long as possible –Workers worked up to 14 hours a day six or seven days a week. –Work became routine, same job every day. –Workers had to keep up with the pace of the machines. –People were treated as if they were a machine

21. Factories and Working Conditions Factories were dangerous places –Poor lighting. –Machines were not safe. –Accidents and injuries happened daily.

22. Factories and Working Conditions Factory Conditions –No job security People could be fired at any time –Half and hour lunch and dinner Not paid for –Extreme temperatures Extremely hot in the summer Cold in the winter –Once in the factory people were locked into the factory

23. Child Labor Children played a very important role in the family economy during the Industrial Revolution Children had always been used to bring money into the family like working in the fields but the Industrial Revolution exploited children

24. Class Question What does the word exploited mean? What would be reasons why factory workers would be able to exploit children and want to use children in factories?

25. Child Labor Children as young as the age of 6 worked in the factories. Children worked 6 to 7 days a week 12 hours a day. Children were often beaten to get them to work. Factory workers would often splash water on children or hit them with a stick to keep them awake while working the long hours

26. Child Labor Why use children –Children had small hands and were good with working with thread –Because children were smaller they were able to get under and around machines easier then adults –Children could be trained to work at factory work

27. Child Labor Children were cheap labor Children were only paid 1/6 of what an adult male would make Often times factory owners would hire children because they were cheaper then adults Because of this children became the main money makers for the family

28. Child Labor It was not uncommon to see children the ages of nine, ten or eleven who had been working in factories and had lost fingers, hands, arms, or legs.

29. Notes Summary Write about the working a living conditions during the Industrial Revolution. Also why was Britain first among the Industrialized nations? What did they have that other nations did not have?