1. Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Space Academy Fall 2003 USSRC Proprietary

2. Hubble Astronomy The Astronomer: Edwin Hubble The Telescope: Mission, Optics & Repairs Major Discoveries Companions: past, present and future

3. The Astronomer: Edwin Hubble 1889-1953 2.5m Schmidt reflector at Mt Palomar Andromeda: proved many “nebulae” are star systems or galaxies like Milky Way 1929: Expanding Universe

4. The Mission Launch Date: 1990 First Functionality: 1993 Range: UV, IR and Visible light Major Objectives Outer Solar System Black Holes Age of Universe Total Sky Survey

5. Backyard Comparison: 1 degree = 60 arcminutes = 3600 arcseconds Best ground scopes: 1 arcsecond Hubble:.05 arcsecond 2 fireflies in San Francisco from NYC

6. The Telescope: Optics/Repairs 1993 STS-61: Corrective optics 1999 STS-103: Gyroscopes, Computer, Data Recorder 2002: new solar arrays, coolant for IR camera, remove COSTAR

7. Still Active: 2002

8. Major Discoveries: Solar System Quaoar (Qwa-War) Not a tenth planet! One of many icy balls in Kuiper Belt with Pluto

9. Major Discoveries: Solar System Neptune’s disappearing storms

10. Major Discoveries: Solar System Jupiter & Shoemaker-Levy, 1994

11. Major Discoveries: Black Holes Chicken vs. egg: Black holes in star clusters seem to form galaxies

12. Deep Field

13. Major Discoveries: Supernova Remnant Harbors Neutron Star Rotation: 8 seconds Gamma Ray Repeater

14. Major Discoveries: Age of the Universe Cooling of White Dwarfs 13-15 billion years Oldest known Milky Way planet: 13 billion years old

15. Companions: The Great Observatories Chandra Compton (deorbited 2001) SIRTF – Launched September 2003 [XMM-Newton (ESA)]

16. Companions: Chandra X-ray Mirrors nearly parallel to light Eta Carina: Black hole? Deep Sky Survey

17. Companions: Compton Gamma Rays (high energy, short wavelength) No lens or mirror – instead, dense atoms Measure angle of escaping electrons after gammas hit

18. Companions: SIRTF New name December 2003 Infrared (heat) Detects stars-to-be

19. More Information www.stsci.edu www.gsfc.nasa.gov www.spaceflight.nasa.gov