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英語教學概論(II) 梁淑芳 教授 正修科技大學應用英語系
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Outline ▪ Chapter 6: Teaching the language system
▪ Chapter 7: Teaching reading ▪ Chapter 8: Teaching writing ▪ Chapter 9: Teaching speaking ▪ Chapter 10: Teaching listening ▪ Chapter 11: Using coursebooks ▪ Chapter 14: What if?
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Chapter 6: Teaching the language system
Teaching specific aspects of language The deductive approach The inductive approach Explaining meaning to show it to describe it to translate it Explaining language construction
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Practice and controlled practice
short-term memory long-term memory controlled practice freer practice Examples of language system teaching teaching grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary, language functions • Mistakes, slips, errors and attempts Correcting students
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Chapter 7: Teaching reading
Reasons for reading for their career for study purposes for pleasure Different kinds of reading extensive reading intensive reading
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Reading levels authentic texts simplified texts graded readers Reading skills scan skim reading for detailed comprehension • Reading principles
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Reading sequences reading follows on form reading follows by other skills More reading suggestions Jigsaw reading Reading puzzles Encouraging students to read extensively Library Choice Feedback Time
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Chapter8: Teaching writing
Reasons for teaching writing writing-for-learning writing-for-writing Writing issues Genre The writing process Building the writing habit
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Writing sequences 6 stages More writing suggestions Instant writing Using music and pictures Newspapers and magazines Brochures and guides Poetry Collective writing Writing to each other Writing in other genres
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Correcting written work
over-correcting responding Handwriting
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Chapter9: Teaching speaking
Reasons for teaching speaking Speaking sequences 4 stages Discussion More speaking suggestions Information-gap activities Telling stories Favourite objects Meeting and greeting Surveys Famous people Student presentation Balloon debates Moral dilemmas
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Correcting speaking gentle correction reformulation What teachers do during a speaking activity
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Chapter 10: Teaching listening
Reasons for listening face-to-face, on TV, or on the radio, in theatres and cinemas, or on tapes, CDs or other recorded media Different kinds of listening recorded extracts live listening Listening levels
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Listening skills paralinguistic clues listen for specific information listen for more general understanding Listening principles 6 principles Listening sequences More listening suggestions Jigsaw listening Message-taking Music and sound effects News and other radio genres Poetry Stories Monologues Audio and video
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Chapter 11: Using coursebooks
Options for coursebook use Adding, adapting and replacing Reasons for (and against) coursebook use Choosing coursebooks analyse pilot consult colleagues ask students option on what looks best to them
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Chapter 14: What if? What if students are all at different levels?
Use different materials/technology Do different tasks with the same material/technology Ignore the problem Use the students
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What if the class is very big?
Use worksheets Use pairwork and groupwork Use chorus reaction Use group leaders Think about vision and acoustics Use the size of the group to your advantage
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What if students keep using their own language?
Talk to them about the issue Encourage them to use English appropriately Only respond to English use Create an English environment Keep reminding them
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What if students don’t do homework? Ask the students
Make it fun Respect homework Make post-homework productive What if students are uncooperative? Remember that it’s “just a job” Deal with the behaviour, not the student Be even-handed Go forward Use any means of communication Enlist help Prevention or cure?
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What if students don’t want to talk?
Use paiwork Allow them to speak in a controlled way at first Use “acting out” and reading aloud Use role-play Use recording
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What if students don’t understand the audio track?
Preview interview questions Use “jigsaw listening” One task only Play a/the first segment only Play the listening in chunks Use the audioscript Use vocabulary prediction Have students listen all the time • What if some students finish before everybody else?
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Happy Summer Vacation!
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