1. Infectious Disease
Chapter 21

2. Infectious disease: (also called communicable)
Infectious diseases are caused by (micro)/organisms or viruses that enter the body and multiply.
Not all microorganisms are harmful or cause disease. Some are helpful and essential for good health
Pathogens (germs): microorganisms and viruses that cause disease

3. Pathogens (disease causing organisms)
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa

4. Bacteria Single celled organisms found everywhere
Treated with antibiotics to kill or control growth
Good and bad types
Bacterial infections: tetanus, TB, strept throat, sinus infection, staph, cholera, anthrax

5. Virus Extremely small organism Can’t cure with medicine
Some preventable through vaccines
Viral infections: cold, flu, chicken pox, warts, cold sores, West Nile, hepatitis

6. Fungus Relies on other living or dead organisms to survive
Includes yeast, molds, mildew
Include: athletes foot, ringworm, jock itch, yeast infections

7. Protozoa
An organism that uses other living things like, your body, for food and a place to live.
Protozoa are single celled parasites
Diseases include: tapeworm, malaria, and amebic dysentery, trichina worm (pork)

8. MRSA Methicillian Resistant Staphyloccus Aureus
A deadly strain of bacteria that’s becoming resistant to common antibiotics
Infects 90,000 Americans a year and is increasing
Kills 19,000 Americans a year
Symptoms include: warm and tender skin, sores, boils, draining puss, redness, swelling, and high fever
Left untreated can destroy muscle tissue and lead to life threatening infections in bones and vital organs
In the past, it was typically acquired in the hospitals
Becoming very common in homes, schools, locker rooms, and health clubs
Athletes are at higher risk because of their environment and physical contact in their sport

10. Protecting Yourself From MRSA
Cover cuts and open sores
Wash hands with warm soapy water often
Clean surfaces and other areas with bleach solutions
Be vigilant with doctors
In the gym:
Don’t share items like towels or razors
Cover cuts, scraps, and sores
Don’t go barefoot in locker room or showers – wear flip flops
Shower immediately after gym or locker room
Wash gym clothes to kill bacteria instead of putting back in locker

11. How Pathogens are Spread
Infected People: direct contact with person like shaking hands, other bodily contact, and kissing or indirectly like coughing or sneezing where the pathogens are airborne.
Contaminated Objects (fomite): some pathogens can survive for a period of time on objects such as door knobs, towels, needles, and glasses

12. Infected Animal: animal that are infected can pass disease through bites. Examples include malaria, West Nile, lyme disease, and rabies
Contaminated Food & Water: Some pathogens are naturally present in food and soil. Proper food preparation can prevent disease. Contaminated water is a another big source of disease like cholera and hepatitis A.

13. Defense Against Infectious Disease

14. Physical Barriers Help keep germs from entering the body
Skin: keep germs from getting in body and sheds taking germs with it. Sweat acts as chemical barrier which contains acids that kill many bacteria.
Hair and Cilia: tiny hairs around eyes and nose trap germs. Cilia are tiny hairs that line mucus membranes like in your air passages. They move pathogens out back out of your airway.
Saliva &Tears: trap pathogens and wash them away. They also contain chemicals that attack pathogens.
Mucus: sticky substance that trap germs found in your nose and other areas that have openings.
Digestive System: chemicals like acid in your stomach that kill many pathogens

15. Internal Defense The Immune System
Battles the germs that get by the physical barriers.
Consists of different cells and antibodies that engulf and destroy germs
Important to keep our immune system strong through a healthy diet, plenty of rest, and stress management.

16. Prevention tips to minimize transmission of germs
Keep contact to a minimum with those who have a cold
When you come close to someone who has a cold, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water as soon as possible
Keep hands and fingers away from nose, mouth and eyes
Don’t share food, drinking glasses or eating utensils
Wash plates, glasses, silverware in hot soapy water after each use
Get plenty of rest and eat healthy, dress appropriately for weather, and manage stress to strengthen immune system
Vaccinations