1. Introduction to Database
CIS
Chapter 1
Sungchul Hong

2. Database System
The most important development in the field of software engineering.
Database serve as the foundation for considerable progress in the basic science fields ranging from computing to biology.

3. Introduction Database DBMS (Database Management System)
A collection of related data.
DBMS (Database Management System)
The software that manages and controls access tot the database.
Database application
A program that interacts with the database at some point in its execution.

4. Examples of Databases Supermarket Credit card
Inventory
Customer service
Credit card
Booking a ticket at the travel agents
Using the local library
University

5. Traditional File-Based Systems
Each program defines and manages its own data.
Separation and isolation of data
Duplication of data
Data dependence
Incompatibility of files
Fixed queries of application program

6. Database Approach
A shared collection of logically related data, and a description of this data, designed to meet the information needs of an organization.
System catalog (data dictionary)
Program-data independence.

7. File-Based System Data entry & report Sales Files
File handling routines
Data entry & report
File definition
Sales Files

8. The Database Management System (DBMS)
A software system that enables users to define, create, maintain, and control access to the database.
Data Definition Language(DDL)
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Structured Query Language (SQL)
Views
Level of security, customization, provide consistent structure

9. Components of the DBMS Environment
Hardware
Client-server architecture
Backend, front end
Software
DBMS, application programs, SQL
Data
Operational data, meta data
Procedure
Instructions and rules
People

10. Roles in the Database Environment
Data Administrator (DA)
Responsible for the management of the data resource including database planning, development and maintenance of standards, policies, and procedures, and conceptual/logical database design.
Database Administrator (DBA)-more technical
Responsible for the physical realization of the database, including physical database design and implementation, security and integrity of the application users.

11. Roles in the Database Environment (2)
Database Designer
Logical database designer
Identifying the data, relationship between the data, and the constraints on the data.
Business rules.
Physical database designer
Mapping the logical database design into a set of tables and integrity constraints.
Selecting specific storage structures
Designing security measures required on the data

12. Roles in the Database Environment (3)
Application Developer
Provide the required functionality for the end-users.
End-Users
Naïve users
Sophisticated users.

13. Data Redundancy

14. Advantages of DBMS Control of data redundancy Data consistency
More information from the same amount of data
Sharing of data
Improved data integrity
Improved security
Enforcement of standards

15. Advantages of DBMS (2) Economy of scale
Balance of confliction requirements
Improved data accessibility and responsiveness
Increased productivity
Improved maintenance through data independence
Increased concurrency
Improved backup and recovery services

16. Disadvantages of DBMS Complexity Size Cost of DBMS
Additional hardware costs
Cost of conversion
Performance
Higher impact of a failure

17. History of DBMS Apollo moon-landing project (1960s)
GUAM (Generalized Update Access Method)
Hierarchical structure
IMS (Information Management System) (mid 1960s)
Serial storage
device (Tape recorder)
IDS (Integrated Data Store) (mid 1960s)
Network DBMS
CODASYL (Conference on Data Systems Languages)

18. History of DBMS DBTG (Data Base Task Group) – 1967
Relational Model – E. F. Codd, 1970 R
SQL
DB2, SQL/DS, Oracle
INGRES II, Informix, Access, FoxPro, Paradox, Interbase, and R:Base
ER model – Chen, 1979
Semantic data modeling
Object-Oriented DBMS, Object-Relational DBMS