1.  Earthquakes are measured on 2 different scales  The Richter Scale – measures the magnitude of the earthquake (amplitude and how much energy is released) on a scale of 1 – 10.  The Mercalli Scale – Measures the damage done at a particular location on a scale I – XII. Do now: copy these notes Mane, 24 Here-turi-kōkā 2015

2. Richter Scale  Measures the magnitude of the earthquake  Each point on the scale is:  10x bigger in size (or amplitude)  30x the energy released  How much bigger is a magnitude 8.0 earthquake on the Richter scale, compared to a magnitude 4.0 earthquke?

3. Richter Scale  How much bigger is the amplitude of a magnitude 4.0 earthquake compared to a magnitude 8.0 earthquake?  10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 10,000 times bigger  How much more energy is released?  30 x 30 x 30 x 30 = 810,000 times the energy

4. Problems with the Richter Scale?  Doesn’t measure what the earthquake actually felt like  depends on depth  depends on location

5. Mercalli Scale  Measures what the earthquake felt like  Measures the destructive effect at a particular location  I (not felt) – XII (total destruction) What did the 4 th Sep and 22 Feb quakes feel like for you? Complete the Mercalli Scale worksheet to help you… VIII – IX (some X)

6. POP QUIZ: EARTHQUAKES in New Zealand

7. How many earthquakes happen in New Zealand each year? Scientists measure about 10,000 to 15,000 earthquakes each year.

8. How many quakes are big enough to be felt in NZ each year? 100 to 150 quakes

9. What is the biggest earthquake ever recorded? The largest earthquake recorded in the world in the last 200 years was the 1960 magnitude 9.5 earthquake in Chile. It caused 5700 deaths and created a large tsunami.

10. What is the biggest known earthquake in New Zealand? The magnitude 8.2 Wairarapa earthquake of 1855.

11. How often do big earthquakes occur in NZ? On average, New Zealand can expect several magnitude 6 earthquakes every year, one magnitude 7 every 10 years, and an 8 every century. But large earthquakes are not evenly spaced, and they sometimes arrive in bunches.

12. Major NZ quakes WhereWhenMagnitudeDeaths ChristchurchJun 20116.31 ChristchurchFeb 20116.3181 DarfieldSep 20107.10 FfiordlandJul 20097.80 GisborneDec 20076.81 EdgecumbeMar 19876.30 InangahuaMay 19687.12 NapierFeb 19317.9256 MurchisonJun 19297.817 WairarapaJan 18558.29

13. Liquefaction – Demo & Videos