1. IST-2001-33127 Towards Open Access – which are the barriers to change Bo-Christer Björk Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration Helsinki, Finland IST-2001-33127

2. Björk 2003 SciX project Open, self organising repository for scientific information exchange European Commission funding €1.000.000 IST-2001-33127, Key Action III 200 person months Project duration: 1.2.2002 - 31.5.2004 Seven partners from six countries

3. Björk 2003 SciX planned results E-prints archive with initial content Enhanced E-journal Open Source application New knowledge about the scientific publishing process and how it is affected by the Internet For the construction IT Community For other academic Communities

4. Björk 2003

5. Raphael: Scuola di Atene The evolution of scientific communication: From the Greek philosophers to a global community connected by the Internet

6. Björk 2003

8. Two interconnected paradigm shifts From printed to electronic delivery From subscription to a variety of business models

9. Björk 2003 Vaihtoehtoiset liiketoimintamallit

10. Björk 2003 What is Open Access Making scientific content available for free on the WWW Either as primary or secondary outlet Certain forms of delayed publishing can also be regarded as Open Access

11. Björk 2003 Main OA channels.....

12. Björk 2003 Open Access Journals

13. Björk 2003 Subject based e-print servers

14. Björk 2003 Institutional repositories

15. Björk 2003 Self-publishing

16. Björk 2003 How important is OA today? Open Access Journals around 1 % E-print servers important in some areas Institutional repositories just starting Self-publishing the most common method

17. Björk 2003 What are the main barriers? JournalsSubject repositories Institutional repositories Legal framework-*** IT-infrastructure** Business models****** Institutional behaviour ****** Standards****** Awareness, critical mass ********

18. Björk 2003 Means to overcome the barriers Legal framework New types of copyright agreements allowing parallel OA publishing IT-infrastructure Open source applications such as D- space Business models Author or institutional author charge financed journals Institutional Behaviour More emphasis on availability and readership of publications in Academia Standards Widespread use of the Open Archives Initiative standard Awareness Services such as the DOAJ

19. Björk 2003 Improving the technical infrastructure

20. Björk 2003 Incentives for parallel publishing?!

21. Björk 2003 Raising awareness

22. Björk 2003 Marketing

23. Björk 2003 Integration with indexing services

24. Björk 2003 The predicament of journals from small language areas In Scandinavia alone a few hundred peer reviewed scholarly journals published in the native languages of English Shoe-string budgets Largely Open Source like operations Publicly subsidised to survive

25. Björk 2003

26. The End End