1. Economic Development & Culture The Power of Solar Energy An Introduction to the Opportunities for Condos November 23 rd, 2010 Rob McMonagle Senior Advisor – Green Sector, Economic Development & Culture, City of Toronto

2. Economic Development & Culture Presentation Outline Background on Solar Solar Technologies Site Considerations Financial Support Programs Ownership Models Project Development, Risks and Expectations

3. Economic Development & Culture Background on Solar Shedding a little light on solar energy

4. Economic Development & Culture Myth – Canada doesn’t have enough sunlight Canada has more solar energy that the world’s solar leaders (Japan and Germany)

5. Economic Development & Culture Toronto Receives More Solar Radiation than Miami! Miami’s solar radiation is reduced in summer due to moisture – solar radiation and air temperature are not directly linked

6. Economic Development & Culture The Challenge of a Variable Energy Source Solar Radiation varies through the year 75% of solar energy in 6 warm months Is it a good mix with the energy needs of the building? Electricity can be fed into the grid But thermal energy needs to be stored/used on site

7. Economic Development & Culture Just how long has solar been used? First documented use of solar was in 500BC when Greek city planners oriented buildings south to catch passive solar Romans used “solar” rooms to grow vegetables in 100 AD First solar hot water heaters were developed in France in the 1600s First solar hot water heaters installed in Canada in the 1890s (in BC)

8. Economic Development & Culture Solar Technologies One energy source but different technologies

9. Economic Development & Culture Solar Technologies Background on Solar “Solar” technologies are really three technologies that use the same energy source Passive Solar – natural energy flow into a building Photovoltaics – direct creation of electricity Solar Thermal – generation of heat Solar air systems – make up, ventilation and space heating Solar hot water – process, domestic, pools, space heating

10. Economic Development & Culture Solar Hot Water Largest solar market globally is for solar hot water Small systems dominate the market Certain countries it is now a requirement so use solar water heating in all new buildings Estimated that 1 million people are employed in the Chinese solar hot water industry

11. Facilities Management Division Fire Hall 212 – Solar Hot Water Fire Hall 212 Location:Scarborough Address: 8500 Sheppard Ave. E. Technology: Solar Hot Water Date Installed: 2007 Size: 16.2 m 2 Energy Output: 11.3 kW t of heat CO 2 Emission Reductions: 2.2 tonnes/year 11

12. Economic Development & Culture Solar Pool Heating Largest solar market in North America is for solar pool heating Economics can be very good – payback of under 10 years without government support Ideal for seasonal pools

13. Agincourt Recreation Centre Solar Pool Heating Facilities Management Division Agincourt Recreation Centre Location:Agincourt Address: 31 Glen Watford Dr. Technology: Solar Pool Heating Date Installed: 2006 Size: 238 m 2 Energy Output: 166 kW t of heat CO 2 Emission Reductions: 32 tonnes/year 13

14. Economic Development & Culture Solar Air Heating Provides heated makeup air Ideal for large buildings with good south facing walls High rise buildings are starting to use. TCHC has a number of solar air heating systems

15. Facilities Management Division Scadding Court Community Centre Solar Air Heating Scadding Court Community Centre Location: Downtown West Address: 707 Dundas St. W. Technology: Solar Air Heating Date Installed: 2006 Size: 165 m 2 Energy Output: 115 kW t of heat CO 2 Emission Reductions: 22 tonnes/year 15

16. Economic Development & Culture Photovoltaic or solar electricity Most costly of the solar technologies However the “value” of electricity is greater than heat Has the advantage that the energy produced can be fed into the electrical grid – so no on site storage required Solar electricity is also in line with the demand for electricity – Ontario is summer peaking due to electric air conditioners

17. Facilities Management Division 17 Exhibition Place PV Project – Phase I Location: Exhibition Place Address: Horse Palace Technology:Photovoltaics Date Installed: 2006 Size: 100 kW Energy Output: 100,000 kWh/year CO 2 Emission Reductions: 24 tonnes/year 24 tonnes/year Exhibition Place Photovoltaics

18. Economic Development & Culture Building Integrated PhotoVoltaics (BIPV) Huge opportunity in both recladding of large buildings plus in new construction Cost of BIPV product can be the comparable to the cost other building façade material

19. Facilities Management Division F.J. Horgan Water Treatment Plant Building Integrated Solar PV F.J. Horgan WTP Location:Toronto Address: Technology: PV – building integrated Date Installed: 2009 Size: 86 kW Energy Output (estimated): 77,500 kWh/year CO 2 Emission Reductions: 20 tonnes/year 19

20. Curtain Walls

21. Economic Development & Culture Site Conditions All sites are not created equal

22. Economic Development & Culture Site Conditions for Solar Its all about 2 things: 1. Sunlight Even 10% shading can reduce PV output by 50%! Ontario does not have Right to Light legislation – will high rise buildings block your sunlight in the next 10 – 20 years? 2. Building roof structure Ontario buildings not designed for loading of solar arrays on the roof Uplift load from wind Build up of snow around the array

23. Economic Development & Culture Financial Support Programs Spreading the wealth

24. Economic Development & Culture Financial Support Programs Solar Thermal Ontario Solar Thermal Heating Incentive (OSTHI) Provides a 15% rebate on commercial solar thermal projects $/kWt Photovoltaics Feed in Tariff Pays for energy produced over a 20 year contract $/Kwh Project Size (kW) Rate (cents/kWh) <1080.2 10 - 25071.3 250- 50053.9 Ground mount (<10 MW) 44.3

25. Economic Development & Culture Ownership Models Do you need to own the solar project?

26. Economic Development & Culture Ownership Models Solar Thermal Power Purchase Agreement Solar company installs and maintains project – client pays for the energy it produces Photovoltaics Roof Leasing – solar company “leases” the roof and pays owner an agreed upon fee Could be a set fee or based on a % of the income

27. Economic Development & Culture Project Development Its not always sunny….

28. Economic Development & Culture Project Development Considerations Solar “pays” for itself by the energy it produces over its life – 20-30 years Proper design, performance monitoring and maintenance are critical

29. Economic Development & Culture Project Study before you begin to shop… Energy load analysis Often lack of information on seasonal variances Occupancy patterns, seasonal energy use (i.e. outdoor pools) Energy Prefeasibility Study Modelling of solar performance Feasibility Study Shade analysis – checking of zoning heights of adjacent properties Roof report – condition of roof, structural support

30. Economic Development & Culture Performance Verification Provides verification of savings or energy produced Web based monitoring is becoming popular allows for billing of solar energy example – Exhibition Place - http://view2.fatspaniel.net/FST/Portal/T orontoHorsePalace/index.swf http://view2.fatspaniel.net/FST/Portal/T orontoHorsePalace/index.swf

31. Economic Development & Culture Rob McMonagle Senior Advisor – Green Technology and Green Energy Economic Development & Culture City of Toronto rmcmonagle@toronto.ca