1. The Present Tense of Stem-Changing Verbs: e  ie, e  i, o  ue (El tiempo presente de los verbos de cambio radical)

2. There is a fairly large group of verbs in Spanish that undergo changes in their stem when conjugated in the present tense. These changes occur in all the forms except nosotros/as. These changes occur to ar, er and ir verbs and do not affect the endings we have learned for our conjugations. THEY AFFECT ONLY THE STEM When a line is drawn around the forms that change, the resulting shape vaguely resembles a boot thus, these verbs are sometimes informally called “boot” verbs. There are three types or classes of “boot” verbs.

3. entender entiendo entiendes entiende entendemos entienden Type 1: e  ie We’ll use entender, to understand, as an example of this type.

4. Here are some other common e  ie verbs: empezar, comenzar to begin pensar (+ infinitive) to think; to plan (to do something) perder to lose querer to want, to love preferir to prefer

5. tengo tienes tiene tenemos tienen tener, venir The verbs tener and venir are what might be called partial stem-changing verbs; the yo forms do not have the stem change, but they do have an irregularity. vengo vienes viene venimos vienen Tengo exámenes mañana. I have exams tomorrow. Vengo de la biblioteca. I’m coming from the library. I call these stem changing GO verbs

6. servir sirvo sirves sirve servimos sirven Type 2: e  i We’ll use servir, to serve, as an example of this type. Note: All e  i verbs are -ir verbs.

7. Here are some other common e  i verbs: repetir to repeat, to have a second helping pedir to ask for, to request medir to measure, to be a certain height teñir to dye, to color

8. almorzar almuerzo almuerzas almuerza almorzamos almuerzan Type 3: o  ue We’ll use almorzar, to have lunch, as an example of this type.

9. jugar juego juegas juega jugamos juegan The verb jugar, to play (games or sports), follows the same pattern as o  ue verbs, but the change is u  ue.

10. Here are some other common o  ue verbs: volver to return, to come back dormir to sleep encontrar to find poder to be able; can recordar to remember

11. The verbs querer and preferir Expressing desires and preferences Querer and preferir are important stem- changing verbs that have multiple uses.

12. quiero quieres quiere queremos quieren querer When used with a thing as the direct object, querer means to want.

13. ¿Quiere un sándwich de pollo? Sí, y quiero papas fritas también, por favor.

14. querer When used with a person as the direct object, querer means to love. quiero quieres quiere queremos quieren

15. Quiero mucho a su hija, señor Vega.

16. prefiero prefieres prefiere preferimos prefieren preferir Preferir, of course, means to prefer.

17. ¿Quiere un sándwich de pollo? No señor, prefiero una hamburguesa.

18. pienso piensas piensa pensamos piensan Thinking and planning The verb pensar is another very useful stem- changing verb.

19. FIN