1. Application Software 1 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Peripheral (term from chap.1) Any additional hardware attached to your computer.

2. Using Information Technology Chapter 3 Software

3. Application Software 3 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Application Software: For Your Productivity & Creativity 3.1System Software 3.2Application Software: Getting Started 3.3Word Processing 3.4Spreadsheets 3.5Database Software 3.6Specialty Software

4. Application Software 4 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3.1 System Software Operating system - the principal component of system software Device drivers - help the computer control peripheral devices Utility programs - support, enhance, or expand existing programs

5. Application Software 5 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Operating System A set of programs that manages the interaction between hardware and software Software that controls access to other hardware and software.

6. Application Software 6 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Main purposes of the operating system.  Determines the user interface  Two types of user interfaces 1. GUI - Graphical User Interface 2. Command-Line Interface  Manages the computer resources (CPU, memory, disk drives, printers)  Handles Virtual Memory – hard disk space used to expand the capacity of RAM.  Executes and provides services for software.  File Management –The OS records the storage locations of all files. It also manages all changes to the files.

7. Application Software 7 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Computer System’s User Interface: Your Computer’s Dashboard User interface - the user-controllable display screen that allows you to communicate, or interact, with the computer. A User can interact with the display screen using a keyboard or a mouse: Mouse - allows the user to direct an on-screen pointer to perform activities. Pointer - usually appears as an arrow, but changes shape depending on the application.

8. Application Software 8 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The GUI Graphical user interface (GUI) - allows users to use a mouse or keyboard strokes to select icons and commands from menus. The three features of GUI are desktop, icons, and menus.

9. Application Software 9 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Desktop, Icons & Menus Desktop - the system’s main interface screen, which displays pictures that provide quick access to programs and information. Icons are small pictorial figures that represent programs, data files, or procedures. Rollover is a small text box explaining the icon’s function when the mouse pointer is moved over the icon. Icon Rollover

10. Application Software 10 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Desktop, Icons & Menus Menu - a list of options to choose from--a list of commands for manipulating data. Types of Menus: Pull-down menu - a list of options that pulls down from the menu bar at the top of the screen. Cascading menus - menus that seem to fly back to the left or explode out to the right. Pull-up menu - a list of options that pulls up from the menu bar at the bottom of the screen.

11. Application Software 11 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Documents, Toolbars, & Windows Title bar - A bar that runs across the very top of the display window and shows the name of the folder you are in. Menu bar – a bar that shows the names of the various pull-down menus available.

12. Application Software 12 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Toolbar - A bar that displays menus and icons representing frequently used options or commands. Taskbar – the bar across the bottom of the desktop screen that contains the Start button and that appears by default. Window – A rectangular frame on the display screen through which files of data and application programs can be viewed. Documents, Toolbars, & Windows

13. Application Software 13 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Command-Line interface Consists of a prompt after which, a command is entered. Example: MS-DOS dir a: to list files & directories on a disk in drive A. a:\ to change to the A directory exitto close.

14. Application Software 14 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Kernel  Most important program in the operating system.  Controls the entire operating system  During computer operation, it remains in memory, therefore it is referred to as “resident”.  Loads into memory other operating system programs (nonresident) from disk storage as needed.

15. Application Software 15 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. How does the kernel get into memory?  When the computer is turned on, a program stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory) chip performs internal hardware tests and then loads the kernal into memory.  This process is referred to as “Booting” the system.

16. Application Software 16 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ROM - Read Only Memory Storage that can be “read from” but not “written to”.

17. Application Software 17 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Platform Refers to a computer’s hardware and its operating system. Certain software is made to run on certain platforms. Check: Memory Processor Operating system

18. Application Software 18 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Operating systems Window 3.x versions (Used as a shell for MS- DOS) Windows 95, 98, ME (Millennium Edition) Windows 2000 Windows XP

19. Application Software 19 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Mac OS - operating system which runs only on Apple Macintosh computers First successful GUI Common Desktop & Notebook Operating Systems: Macintosh

20. Application Software 20 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Novell’s Netware - a popular network operating system for coordinating microcomputer-based local area networks (LANs). Network Operating Systems: NetWare

21. Application Software 21 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Windows NT - Microsoft’s multitasking OS which allows multiple users to share resources such as data and programs. Windows 2000 - successor to Windows NT Network Operating Systems: Windows NT/2000/2003

22. Application Software 22 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. UNIX - a multitasking operating system for multiple users with built-in networking capability and versions that can run on all kinds of computers. Sun Microsystems’ Solaris is a version of UNIX and is popular for handling large e-commerce servers and large websites. BSD, a free software derived from UNIX, is another interesting variant. Network Operating Systems: UNIX

23. Application Software 23 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Linux - a free version of UNIX, with continual improvements resulting from the efforts of tens of thousands of volunteer programmers. It is open-source software meaning any programmer can download it from the Internet for free and modify it. Network Operating Systems: Linux

24. Application Software 24 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Operating Systems for Handhelds: Palm OS & Windows CE/Pocket PC/Windows CE.NET Palm OS - the dominant OS for handhelds, which runs the Palm and Handspring Visor, and is licensed to other companies. Windows CE (now Pocket PC) - slimmed-down version of Windows for handhelds.Pocket PC

25. Application Software 25 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Device Drivers: Running Peripheral Hardware Device drivers  specialized software programs that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.  Comes with a peripheral device either on 3.5 floppy or CD

26. Application Software 26 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Utilities: Service Programs Utilities - programs which perform tasks related to the control and allocation of computer resources. Enhance existing functions or provide services not supplied by other system software programs. Some of the tasks performed by utilities are backing up data, recovering lost data, and identifying hardware problems.

27. Application Software 27 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3.2 Application Software: Getting Started Commercial software – copyrighted and must be paid for Public-domain software – software that is not copyrighted may be used and altered Shareware - copyrighted and free but requires a fee to be paid for continued use Freely distributed but only for a trial period. Open-Source – freely used freely copied Source code can be edited but modifications can’t be copyrighted.

28. Application Software 28 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Freeware - Programmer chose to make his/her program free to the public. copyrighted - author retains ownership. Rentalware – Copyrighted and leased Pirated software – Software obtained illegally Abandonware – Software that is no longer sold or supported by its publisher Application Software: Getting Started

29. Application Software 29 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Tutorials & Documentation Tutorial - an instruction book or program that helps you learn to use the product by taking you through a prescribed series of steps. Documentation - information that describes a product to users. For example, a user guide or reference manual.

30. Application Software 30 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Types of Application Software Productivity software - software whose purpose is to make users more productive at particular tasks. Examples: Word processing programs Spreadsheets Database managers

31. Application Software 31 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3.3 Word Processing Word processing software - allows users to use computers to create, edit, format, print, and store text material.

32. Application Software 32 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3.4 Spreadsheets The Basics: How Spreadsheets Work A spreadsheet is organized as: Lettered column headings across the top Numbered row headings down the left side Labels - descriptive text that identifies categories

33. Application Software 33 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3.5 Database Software Database - a collection of interrelated files. Database software - a program that sets up and controls the structure of a database and access to the data. Benefits of Database Software: Reduced redundancy Increased integrity

34. Application Software 34 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3.6 Specialty Software Presentation graphics software - uses graphics, animation, sound, and data or information to make visual presentations PowerPoint outline view

35. Application Software 35 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Presentation-graphics programs offer templates to help organize presentations. Templates are of two types: Design templates - offer formats, layouts, background patterns, and color schemes that can apply to general forms of content material. Content templates - offer formats for specific subjects. Presentation Graphics Software

36. Application Software 36 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Financial Software Financial software - a growing category that ranges from personal-finance managers to entry-level accounting programs to business financial-management packages. Microsoft Money

37. Application Software 37 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Desktop Publishing (DTP) DTP involves mixing text and graphics to produce high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software.

38. Application Software 38 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Drawing & Painting Programs Drawing program - graphics software that allows users to design and illustrate objects and products. Painting program - graphics program that allows users to simulate painting on screen. Vector image Raster image

39. Application Software 39 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Other Specialty Software Web page design/authoring software – used to create web pages with sophisticated multimedia features. Video/audio editing software: Video editing software allows you to import video footage to a PC and edit it. Audio editing software provides capabilities to work with sound tracks, clean up background noise, and emphasize certain sound qualities.

40. Application Software 40 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Project management software - program used to plan and schedule the people, costs, and resources required to complete a project on time. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software - programs intended for the design of products, structures, civil engineering drawings, and maps. Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software - allows products designed with CAD to be input into an automated manufacturing system that makes the products. Other Specialty Software

41. Application Software 41 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The following slides were not discussed in lecture.

42. Application Software 42 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for software which can be downloaded from the Internet for free and modified with suggested improvements? Open-source software

43. Application Software 43 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Which Microsoft OS runs on handheld computers? Windows CE/Pocket PC

44. Application Software 44 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the name of the popular open-source version of UNIX? Linux

45. Application Software 45 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What was the first OS released by Microsoft? DOS (Disk Operating System)

46. Application Software 46 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the process of loading an operating system into a computer’s main memory called? Booting

47. Application Software 47 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for the particular processor model and operating system on which a computer system is based? Platform

48. Application Software 48 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Which OS, first introduced in 1984, set the standard for icon-oriented, easy-to-use graphical user interfaces? Macintosh OS

49. Application Software 49 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the process of preparing a floppy disk so that it can store data or programs called? Formatting or initializing

50. Application Software 50 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the name for the component of system software that allows input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system? Device drivers

51. Application Software 51 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for software that has been obtained illegally? Pirated software

52. Application Software 52 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for getting data from another source and then converting it into a format compatible with the program in which you are currently working? Importing

53. Application Software 53 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What kind of software allows several people to collaborate on the same project? Groupware

54. Application Software 54 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What does GUI stand for? Graphical User Interface

55. Application Software 55 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for small pictorial figures that represent programs, data files, or procedures? Icons

56. Application Software 56 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What type of menu can appear anywhere on the screen when the right mouse button is clicked? Pop-up menu

57. Application Software 57 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the name for a small text box explaining the icon’s function, which appears when you move the mouse pointer over the icon? Rollover

58. Application Software 58 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What term is used to refer to the location where a row and a column of a spreadsheet intersect? Cell

59. Application Software 59 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the process of recomputing values in a spreadsheet called? Recalculation

60. Application Software 60 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What does PIM stand for? Personal Information Manager

61. Application Software 61 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What type of application software is this PowerPoint program? Presentation graphics software

62. Application Software 62 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What feature of word-processing software is a preformatted document that provides basic tools for shaping a final document? Template

63. Application Software 63 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What word-processing software feature answers your questions and uses the answers to lay out and format a document? Wizard

64. Application Software 64 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What word-processing software tool presents you with the appropriate word or alternative words? Thesaurus

65. Application Software 65 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What type of application software is not copyrighted? Public-domain software

66. Application Software 66 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for a contract in which you agree not to make copies of software to give away or for resale? Software license

67. Application Software 67 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What type of application software provides the user with the capability to query records? Database software

68. Application Software 68 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What type of database organizes data into related tables, each of which contains rows and columns? Relational database

69. Application Software 69 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for a number or date entered into a spreadsheet cell? Value

70. Application Software 70 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the name for the movable symbol on the screen that shows where you may next enter data or commands? Cursor