1. Sub-Sahara Africa: The Land
Ch. 20 Sec. 1

2. How Much Do You Know about… AFRICA??
The land area of the U.S. fits into the land area of Africa a little over three times
FALSE- over four times!
Africa is composed most of desert, jungle, and some grassland.
FALSE- 25% desert, 10% jungle, 55% grassland

3. How Much Do You Know about… AFRICA??
3. Lions, giraffes, tigers, and many other wild animals are native to Africa.
FALSE- no tigers (only in Asia)
The cultures of Africa are very similar.
FALSE- about 3,000 ethnic groups!
5. Most of Africa experiences four seasons each year.
FALSE- mostly tropical year round

4. How Much Do You Know about… AFRICA??
Africa is one of the largest countries in the world.
FALSE- 2nd largest continent
The “Afro” is a hair style from Africa
FALSE- originated in U.S.
There are very few tribes left in Africa today.
FALSE- many, many, many tribes today

5. How Much Do You Know about… AFRICA??
Outside of South Africa, there are very few ethnic problems in Africa.
FALSE- leaders overthrown in Uganda, Nigeria, Angola, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia…
Africa is a poor land with few resources.
FALSE- lots of water, 70% of world’s diamonds
The people in Africa live in huts.
FALSE- all types of housing from huts to modern skyscrapers

6. How Much Do You Know about… AFRICA??
The male lion is the best hunter of all African cats.
FALSE- Female lion called “Queen of Savanna”
Africa has no early history or any advanced civilizations.
FALSE- Egyptians; no written record of others for a while
14. The largest river in the world is the Nile.
FALSE- longest river

7. How Much Do You Know about… AFRICA??
Most Africans speak the same language.
FALSE- speak tribal or European lang.

8. Sub-Sahara Africa: The Land
Ch. 20 Sec. 1

9. A Satellite View

10. The African Plateau

12. Highland Features
Plateaus make a series of steps make up most of Africa
Edges of plateaus are escarpments (cliffs)
Most are <20 miles from coast (Map on p. 501)
Hard to travel inland from coast (bad for exploration)

13. Highland Features
Rivers plunge down escarpments making cataracts (waterfalls)
Victoria Falls; b/w Zambia & Zimbabwe

14. Highland Features
Africa has highest overall elevation than any other continent…
But still few mountains
Mts. included in Eastern highlands
Ethiopian Highlands, and volcanoes Mt. Kilimanjaro and Mt. Kenya

15. Highest Free-Standing Mountain in the world
Mt. Kilimanjaro
19,330 ft; in Tanzania
Highest Free-Standing Mountain in the world
Mt. Kenya
17,057 ft; in Kenya

16. Mt. Kenya

18. Highland features Ruwenzori Mts. Drakensberg Range
Divide Uganda & Dem. Rep. of the Congo
Covered in snow and clouds
Drakensberg Range
South Africa
Lots of national parks, wetlands

19. Ruwenzori Mts.; 16,761 ft.
Ice Cap on Mount Margherita….Africa’s 3rd tallest mountain

20. Tugela Falls World’s 2nd tallest Waterfall
Drakensberg Range; 11,420 ft.
- “Barrier of Spears” in Zulu
Tugela Falls World’s 2nd tallest Waterfall

22. Stretches from Syria to Mozambique
Great Rift Valley
Stretches from Syria to Mozambique
Formed by shifting tectonic plates (what kind??) millions of yrs. ago
Volcanoes & earthquakes continue to shape region TODAY

23. Seismic Activity in Africa

24. 6,000 Miles Long!

25. Red Sea

26. Great Rift Valley Forms two branches Eastern branch = volcanic cones
Western branch= lakes
Lake Tanganyika (2nd lgst. freshwater & 2nd deepest in world)
Lake Malawi (mt. rimmed, >2,300 feet deep)
Lake Victoria (2nd widest in world, but shallow; source of White Nile)

27. Lake Malawi
Lake Tanganyika

28. Lake Victoria

29. The African Great Lakes

30. Travel from plateaus in center of cont. to the sea
Water Systems
Lakes & rivers come from basins formed millions of yrs. ago as land uplifted
Travel from plateaus in center of cont. to the sea
Hit escarpments  waterfalls  near impossible to navigate inland/ up river

31. Water Systems Lake Chad: West-central Africa
20 mil. ppl in 4 countries depend on it
Faces desertification (droughts + natural climate)
So shallow, affected greatly by climate Δs
1960s = 26,000 km²; 2000= 1,500 km²

33. Water Systems Lake Volta: Man-made (1 of lgst. in world)
Flooded 700 villages & displaced 70,000 to create
Used for irrigation, fishing, hydroelectric power (Akosombo Dam) for major aluminum plant and ppl of Ghana

34. Akosombo Dam (creates Lake Volta)

35. Water Systems Niger River: “great river” main artery in W. Africa
2,600 miles long (3rd in Africa)
Forms arc across 5 countries
Vital for irrigation & transportation
Splits into Niger Delta in Nigeria (150 X 200 miles)

38. Water Systems Zambezi River: Congo River:
Many waterfalls (Victoria Falls- 355 foot drop– 2X size of Niagra)
Congo River:
Meets sea at deep, navigable estuary (only one in Africa)
Largest network of navigable water in Africa
But still has major waterfalls & rapids

39. Zambezi River
Victoria Falls

40. Congo River- 2nd longest

41. Physical Barriers
Sahara prevents travel from North Africa to South/Central Africa
Western deltas were treacherous to sail inland
Eastern highlands made travel inland difficult (cliffs)
Europeans controlled coastal trade and Africans controlled inland trade

42. Mineral resources are abundant
Natural resources
Mineral resources are abundant
Plentiful oil reserves
Various metals across region
S. Africa has ½ world’s gold, also found elsewhere
Major diamond deposits

43. Natural Resources Water is ABUNDANT
The problem lies with harnessing power (physical & financial problems)
Congo River- More potential hydroelectric power than U.S.
Africa hold’s 25% of the world’s potential for hydroelectricity, but uses less than 10% of it.
More development is occurring
Kenya installed 20,000 rural solar power systems from 86-96