1. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 10.1

2. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Disabilities Different Definitions –Extreme difficulty in the acquisition of basic school skills (e.g., reading, math., oral expression) –Adequate intellectual ability (i.e., “…low average range or above” p. 207) –Add RTI as an alternative! Poor Learning Strategies (i.e., “methods…to plan, begin, and complete learning tasks…” p. 207) 10.2

3. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Assessments for Identification Norm Referenced Assessments –Intellectual functioning (WISC-4, WJPTB) –Academic achievement (Big 8 areas) (KTEA, WJPTB, PIAT, WRMT-R, KeyMath) Classroom Performance - Reading Levels –Oral reading sample (95% cwpm & 75% comprehension – see p. 211) –Cloze procedure (44-57% correct - see p.211) –Informal reading inventories (e.g., Silvaroli) –Readability measures (see p. 212 - Fry) 10.3

4. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Fry Readability Graph 10.4

5. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Fry example Six is a bad time too. That’s when some real scary things start to happen to your body. Around then your teeth start coming a-loose in your mouth. You wake up one morning and it seems like your tongue is the first one to notice that something strange is going on. As soon as you get up, there it is pushing and rubbing up against one of your front teeth. I’ll be doggoned if that tooth isn’t the littlest wiggly. At first you think it’s kind of funny. But, the tooth keeps getting looser and looser. One day, in the / middle of pushing the tooth back and forth and squinching your eyes shut, you pull it clean out. It’s the scariest thing you can think of. Words Syllables 14 15

6. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Interventions Special Services –Resource Room (common Sp. Ed. Setting) –Strategies Training/Study Skills Class 2 Types of Classroom Adaptations –Remediation –Compensation (goto next slide for more) 10.5

7. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Approaches to Instruction 10.5B Remediation Compensation Adaptations may include allowing laptop or calculator and/or a modified text. This might include basic skills and content.

8. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Evidence-Based Interventions When Teaching Basic Skills (p. 214) –Use Prompts When a student does not demonstrate competence, the teacher considers that the knowledge or skill is not mastered and a prompt is needed to get the correct response. Visual, auditory, and physical prompts – followed by reinforcement increases the likelihood that the knowledge/skill is mastered. 10.5 C

9. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Evidence-Based Practices (EBP) School Psychology Review (2001), 30(1) 10.5 D

10. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Typical Prompts for Basic Skill Instruction [Fig. 9-4] 10.5 E

11. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. EBPs for Promoting Reading - Basic Skills Phonological awareness –Words make sentences –Syllables make words –Phonemes make syllables (see p. 215) Phonics (p. 214-218 has great suggestions; please read) 10.6

12. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Promoting Reading - Comprehension and Fluency Advanced organizers (see p. 218) Reciprocal teaching (see p. 221) Repeated readings (see p. 218) “Read Naturally” - builds fluency. Get ‘white paper’ at www.readnaturally.com See also next page. 10.6 B

13. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Promoting Reading - Comprehension and Fluency Repeated readings (see p. 218) 10.6 C AUTHOR:Therrien, William J. TITLE:Fluency and Comprehension Gains as a Result of Repeated Reading: A Meta-Analysis SOURCE:Remedial and Special Education 25 no4 252-61 Jl/Ag 2004 WILLIAM J. THERRIEN ABSTRACT Repeated reading is an evidenced-based strategy designed to increase reading fluency and comprehension. The author conducted a meta-analysis to ascertain essential instructional components of repeated reading and the effect of repeated reading on reading fluency and comprehension. This analysis indicates that repeated reading can be used effectively with nondisabled students and students with learning disabilities to increase reading fluency and comprehension on a particular passage and as an intervention to increase overall fluency and comprehension ability. Essential instructional components of repeated reading varied as a function of the type of repeated reading (i.e., whether effectiveness was evaluated reading the same passage or different passages). Implications for future research are also presented.

14. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Handwriting, Spelling, and Written Expression Dictionary skills and mini-dictionary Test-study-test for spelling Teach writing as a multi-stage process Specific strategies Word-processors Mapping –Educational software like Kidspiration/Inspiration 10.7 Have student(s) read Brief descriptions Beginning on page 221.

15. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Text Example of Organizational Map for Essay on Scorpions [Fig. 9-6] Check out ‘Graphic Organizers’ at ‘Alerts’ site 10. 8

16. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Overview of the Effective Teaching Stages and Steps Acquisition - You teach. Fluency - You guide based as students learn. –Guided Practice –Independent Practice - Students demonstrate that they’ve learned. You promote Generalization Maintenance is the 4 th stage of learning. 10. 9

17. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Mnemonics for Promoting Writing Strategies (p. 225) CSPACE: Narratives TREE: Opinion essay COPS: Writing errors Capitalization, Overall Appearance, Punctuation, Spelling CHECK: Spelling errors 10.10

18. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Ways of Modifying Math Instruction (p. 225 ff) Interspersing additional brief problems (McCurdy, 2001) Visual prompts Graph paper Fewer problems per page Automaticity/fluency is the goal Manipulatives Mnemonics (e.g., FOIL) Real situations for word problems Key words Class simulations Problem solving strategy 10.11

19. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Modifying Content-Area Instruction (p. 226 ff) Reading Assignments - Reduce & simplify Written Assignments - Reduce, WP, Word Lists Exams - WP, Selected Response, Speak/Transcribe Math Skills – Make available fact Tables, Calculators 10.12

20. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. ADHD Characteristics (APA, 2004) - DSM 4-R [Fig. 9-7] Before age 7 Persist 6 months Present in more than one environment Inattention HyperactivityNote p. 229/3 types Impulsivity 10.13

21. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Adapting Instruction for Students with ADHD Provide the least distracting location Surround with good role models Avoid unnecessary schedule changes Maintain eye contact Combine visual, tactile with verbal instructions Make lists Break assignments in smaller chucks Record homework assignments Alternate sitting with standing (allow movement) Allow time to demonstrate strengths 10.14

22. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. OYO - More Adapting Instruction for Students with ADHD Get student started on seatwork Make frequent contact with student Suggest that classmates share notes Use multiple choice or oral tests Give regular feedback and praise Pay attention to the physical environment of the classroom Seat students away from noise Place desks away from each other Provide 2 desks for students with ADHD 10.15

23. edf302sf10.pptTeaching Special Students in General Education Classrooms 7 th edition Rena B. Lewis and Donald Doorlag Pearson Education, Inc. Addressing the Needs of Students with ADHD Time permitting, Show Max video. 10.16