1. SOCIALISM SOCIALISM From Utopia to Reality

2. SOCIALISM Definition Advocating public ownership of means of production, with work and products shared

3. SOCIALISM Ideology Wealth was concentrated in few hands Working class was deprived of what was rightfully theirs Social mechanism had to be developed to justly distribute society's wealth

4. SOCIALISM UTOPIAN SOCIALISM Robert Owen Count de Saint- Simon Charles Fourier Louis Blanc

5. SOCIALISM Antediluvian Socialism Before the flood of revolutions of 1848 1815 to 1848

6. SOCIALISM Ideology Endorsed productive capacity of industrialism Denounced its mismanagement Organized society as community, not competing individuals –End ruthless, capitalist individualism

7. SOCIALISM Ideology Society regarded its ideas as too idealistic with little practical application –Little political or social support Failure of 1848-49 revolutions discredited Utopian Socialists

8. SOCIALISM Robert Owen 1771-1858 England/Scotland One of the first socialists and one of the first cotton lords Became crusader for social reform

9. SOCIALISM Robert Owen Created model community for employees-New Lanark, Scot. –Paid high wages –Reduced working hours –Built schools, housing, & stores Established New Harmony in Indiana (1825-1830)

10. SOCIALISM Count de Saint-Simon 1760-1825 France Social hierarchy based on productivity Among first exponents of planned society

11. SOCIALISM Count de Saint-Simon Advocated public ownership of industrial equipment & other capital –Captains of industry would be in control –Captains plan and coordinate labor and resources of society

12. SOCIALISM Charles Fourier 1772-1837 France Dreamer (Schemer??) Proposed that society be organized in small units (phalansteries)

13. SOCIALISM Charles Fourier Determined there were 810 distinct personality types Phalanstery would contain 1,620 people (1 male/1 female each) Each person would do the work suited to his/her natural inclination so crime would end

14. SOCIALISM Louis Blanc 1811-1882 France Journalist Organization of Work (1830) one of the most constructive of early socialist writings

15. SOCIALISM Louis Blanc Proposed system of “ social workshops ” (state-supported manufacturing centers) –Workers work for themselves –No intervention of capitalists Believed government should guarantee workers a job

16. SOCIALISM CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM Charles Kingsley

17. SOCIALISM Short-lived 1848-1890s England

18. SOCIALISM Ideology Industrial evils could be ended by following Christian principles Tried to bridge gap between anti-religious drift of socialism and need for Christian social justice

19. SOCIALISM Charles Kingsley 1814-1875 Best-known proponent His writings exposed social evils of industrialism

20. SOCIALISM SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM Karl Marx

21. SOCIALISM Ideology Created by Marx as primary ideology of protest & revolution Communist philosophic system –Founded on inherent goodness of man –Rousseau-influenced position

22. SOCIALISM Ideology Men are corrupted by artificial institutions (states, churches, etc.) History of humanity is history of class struggle (economics)

23. SOCIALISM Ideology The age of bourgeois domination of working class (proletariat) –Most severe and oppressive phase of struggle –Would lead to its own destruction

24. SOCIALISM Ideology The proletariat: –Needed to be educated –Would lead violent revolution & destroy institutions that perpetuate struggle & suppression of majority –Dictatorship of the proletariat would then occur

25. SOCIALISM Ideology Theory of Surplus Labor –True value of product was labor –Worker received small amount –Capitalist "stole" surplus labor (difference in price and workers ’ pay)

26. SOCIALISM Ideology Dialectic Materialism –Hegel's dialectic was idea –Marxian dialectic was action –Driven by dynamics of materialism with classless society as synthesis

27. SOCIALISM Karl Marx 1818-1883 German philosopher Lived most of his adult life in London Born to Jewish lawyer who had converted to Christianity

28. SOCIALISM Karl Marx Atheistic Marx studied philosophy at Univ. of Berlin before turning to journalism & economics –Read widely in French socialist thought –Shared many of Fourier ’ s views on marriage

29. SOCIALISM Karl Marx Wrote: –The Communist Manifesto (1848) –Critique of Political Economy (1859) –Das Kapital (1863-1864)

30. SOCIALISM Karl Marx His arguments –Put forth in scientific form –From extensive, accumulated data –Developed in persuasive rhetorical style

31. SOCIALISM ANARCHISM William Godwin Auguste Blanqui Pierre Proudhon Michael Bakunin

32. SOCIALISM Definition Situation where there would be no property or authority Attained through enlightened individualism Emerged in early 19th century as consequence of Ind. Rev.

33. SOCIALISM William Godwin 1756-1836 England Married to Mary Wollstonecraft Although once a minister, he became an atheist

34. SOCIALISM William Godwin Wrote The Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793) –Best-known work –Expounded his theories of philosophical anarchism

35. SOCIALISM William Godwin Convinced of –The individual perfection of human beings –Human being ’ s ability to reason Found all forms of control from without unreasonable

36. SOCIALISM Auguste Blanqui 1805-1881 France Advocated terrorism to end capitalism and the state Revolution achieved only with small cell of men leading it

37. SOCIALISM Pierre Proudhon 1809-1865 France Attacked principle of private property because it denied justice to common people

38. SOCIALISM Pierre Proudhon Wrote What is Property? (1840) Stated that: –Change achieved through education –No violence necessary

39. SOCIALISM Michael Bakunin 1814-1876 Russia Violent, terrorist actions were necessary to move people to revolt against their oppressors

40. SOCIALISM SYNDICALISM Georges Sorel

41. SOCIALISM Ideology Variation of anarchism –Anarcho-syndicalism Direct economic actions to control industries Strike & industrial sabotage frequently used by syndicalists

42. SOCIALISM Georges Sorel 1847-1922 France Supported Alfred Dreyfus –Accused of anarchism and convicted of treason Influenced young Mussolini

43. SOCIALISM REVISIONIST SOCIALISM Sidney & Beatrice Webb George Bernard Shaw Edward Bernstein Jean Jaures

44. SOCIALISM Ideology Reconsideration of Marxism began before Marx ’ s death Revolutions not inevitable in bringing about socialist society Democratic societies had mechanisms to gradually evolve socialism

45. SOCIALISM Ideology World revolution was not imminent and directable Historical processes endured, difficult to redirect and reform

46. SOCIALISM Fabians British leftists –Said they were Marxists –But they differed from Marx People –Sidney and Beatrice Webb (1859-1947) (1858-1943) –George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)

47. SOCIALISM Social Democratic Party (SPD) Germany Established as orthodox Marxism Leader-Edward Bernstein (1850-1932) –Influenced by Fabians –In the 1890 ’ s redirected SPD toward revisionism

48. SOCIALISM French Section of the Working-Class International France Leader--Jean Jaures (1859- 1914) SFIO moderation led to developing acceptance of its ideas during tumultuous years of Dreyfus Affair

49. SOCIALISM End of Orthodox Marxism Orthodox Marxists denounced revisionist movement By 1914 majority of socialists were revisionists willing to use democratic process to bring about their goals

50. SOCIALISM SOCIALISM From Utopia to Reality