1. Fratricide FRATRICIDE

2. QUESTIONS: QUESTIONS:  WHAT ARE THE CAUSES?  WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS?  WHAT CONTROL MEASURES CAN REDUCE FRATRICIDE? PRACTICAL EXERCISE PRACTICAL EXERCISE FRATRICIDE: ISSUES

3. Casual Factors Per TC 1-210 Poor Land navigation Loss of communications Position Reporting errors Incorrect target identification Incomplete planning and coordination Equipment failure or improper procedures

4. DEFINITIONS: DEFINITIONS:  DICTIONARY  TRADOC FRATRICIDE: DEFINED

5. TRADOC DEFINITION TRADOC DEFINITION  The employment of friendly weapons and munitions with the intent to kill the enemy or destroy his equipment or facilities; which results in unforeseen and unintentional death or injury to friendly personnel. FRATRICIDE: DEFINED

6. HISTORY OF FRATRICIDE: HISTORY OF FRATRICIDE:  WORLD WAR I & WORLD WAR II  THE KOREAN WAR  THE VIETNAM WAR  OPERATION JUST CAUSE  OPERATION DESERT STORM FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

7. WORLD WAR I: WORLD WAR I:  Battle of Verdun - 351st French Infantry was annihilated by friendly 155mm artillery  Battle of Rossignol forest - 1st French Colonial Infantry was fired on by friendly artillery FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

8. WORLD WAR II: WORLD WAR II:  North Africa Campaign 1942 - 701st U.S. Tank Destroyer Battalion repeatedly attacked by friendly air strikes  Operation Cobra 1944 - U.S. 30th Infantry Division attacked by friendly CAS FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

9. VIETNAM: VIETNAM:  Two U.S. Infantry Companies were strafed and bombed by two U.S. Air Force F-100s  Pleiku 1969 - U.S. soldiers were fired on by a UH-1 helicopter FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

10. OPERATION JUST CAUSE: OPERATION JUST CAUSE:  Mechanized Infantry unit came under fire from an Air Force AC-130 gunship FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

11. DESERT STORM: DESERT STORM:  Two U.S. 1st Infantry Division vehicles came under attack by an AH-64  A-10 strafed allied vehicle FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

12. OPERATION PROVIDE COMFORT: OPERATION PROVIDE COMFORT:  Two F-15s shot down two UH-60s over Northern Iraq FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

13. RELUCTANCE TO REPORT RELUCTANCE TO REPORT FRATRICIDE: REPORTS

14. RELUCTANCE TO REPORT RELUCTANCE TO REPORT  Morale  Creates mistrust with adjoining units  Careers  In the best interest of all FRATRICIDE: REPORTS

15. REASONS TO REPORT: REASONS TO REPORT: FRATRICIDE: REPORTS

16. REASONS TO REPORT: REASONS TO REPORT:  Prevention  Media will eventually find out  No perception of cover up  Makes Commander accountable FRATRICIDE: REPORTS

17. CAUSES OF FRATRICIDE CAUSES OF FRATRICIDE FRATRICIDE: FACTORS

18. CAUSES OF FRATRICIDE CAUSES OF FRATRICIDE  LACK OF SITUATIONAL AWARENESS  NO POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION FRATRICIDE: FACTORS

19. CAUSES OF FRATRICIDE CAUSES OF FRATRICIDE  POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION  ABSOLUTE I.D. OF FRIEND OR FOE NOTE: ABSOLUTE I.D. IS IMPOSSIBLE AT MAXIMUM RANGES WITH SOME WEAPON SYSTEMS. FRATRICIDE: FACTORS

20. MOST COMMON ERRORS: MOST COMMON ERRORS:  LAND NAVIGATION FAILURES  REPORTING, BATTLE TRACKING FAILURES  DIRECT FIRE CONTROL FAILURES  BATTLEFIELD HAZARDS  FRIENDLY MINE FIELDS FRATRICIDE: CAUSES

21. MOST COMMON ERRORS: MOST COMMON ERRORS:  ID ERROR  NAVIGATION  LOSS OF FIRE CONTROL  INEFFECTIVE MANEUVER CONTROL  WEAPONS ERRORS  OTHER FRATRICIDE: CAUSES

22. EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE FRATRICIDE: EFFECTS

23. EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE  HESITATION TO CONDUCT LIMITED VISIBILITY OPERATIONS  LOSS OF CONFIDENCE  LEADERS  SOLDIERS FRATRICIDE: EFFECTS

24. EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE  LOSS OF INITIATIVE AND AGGRESSIVENESS  COHESION AND MORALE DEGRADED  OVERSUPERVISION  LOSS OF COMBAT POWER FRATRICIDE: EFFECTS

25. COUNTER MEASURES COUNTER MEASURES  TACTICAL PLAN  TECHNIQUES  PROCEDURES  EQUIPMENT SOLUTIONS FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION

26. TACTICS TACTICS  TACTICAL PLAN  JOINT OPERATIONS TNG  UNIT TRAINING FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION

27. TECHNIQUES TECHNIQUES  PROPER IDENTIFICATION  ASCIET FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION

28. PROCEDURES: PROCEDURES:  FIRE CONTROL PLAN  INFORMED SOLDIERS  REHEARSALS  ACCURATELY TRACK THE BATTLE  ADJACENT UNIT COORDINATION FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION

29. PROCEDURES PROCEDURES  RECONNAISSANCE  COORDINATE ALL FIRE SUPPORT ASSETS  ESTABLISH LIAISON TEAMS  TRAINING LITERATURE & DEVICES FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION

30. EQUIPMENT CONTROL MEASURES: EQUIPMENT CONTROL MEASURES:  LOW TECH  HIGH TECH FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION

31. Practical Exercise FRATRICIDE

32. GROUP ACTIVITY GROUP ACTIVITY  IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS IN THIS SCENARIO  DEVELOP COUNTERMEASURES TO MITIGATE THESE HAZARDS  REPORT ON YOUR RESULTS  NOTE: Use METT-T as the outline for ID of Hazards and list of Countermeasures FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

33. GENERAL SITUATION  MISSION - Probe enemy positions for location & strength  ENEMY - Mech Inf with Russian (Soviet) style weaponry  TERRAIN  Desert with moderate dunes  Wind 090/25k, no moon, clear, 2350 hrs  TROOPS & EQUIPMENT  Mech Inf, well-trained, rested troops  AH-64 team  Fully functional equipment  TIME - Adequate tactical planning time available FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

34. TASK FORCE IRON: a case study in fratricide FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

35. IRAQ KUWAIT NORTH SCREEN LINE 3 MILES MECH INF TASK FORCE AH-64 APACHE WINDS TASK FORCE IRON

36. MISSION HAZARDS MISSION HAZARDS  Commander’s intent unclear or complex; vehicles stationed with random spacing and orientation  Poor flank coordination; right flank coordinates not known by Commander  Poor communication procedures; initial AH-64 salvo did not prompt cease fire request from vehicles FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

37. ENEMY HAZARDS ENEMY HAZARDS  Weak reconnaissance of enemy positions and composition  Weak intelligence; friendly scouts provided incorrect coordinates to Commander FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

38. TERRAIN HAZARDS TERRAIN HAZARDS  Navigation difficult; lack of uniquely identifying terrain features  Night; although not inherently a hazard, justifies further caution and target verification FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

39. TROOPS & EQUIPMENT HAZARDS TROOPS & EQUIPMENT HAZARDS  Anxiety and confusion over vague mission parameters  Lack of trust/confidence in on- board instruments (AH-64) FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

40. TIME HAZARDS TIME HAZARDS  “Gunfighter 6” backseat pilot urging quick shoot...”Let’s get it over with and go home”  Task Force Cdr also urged quick shoot...”Can you engage targets? Then, take ‘em out” FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

41. Countermeasures Countermeasures  Tactical Plan  Simplify Tactical Plan  Maintain Situational Awareness  Procedures  Verify target coordinates  Inform Soldiers FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

42. Countermeasures Countermeasures  Equipment Solutions  Global Positioning System  Identify Friend or Foe (IFF) Transponders  Unique Vehicular Markings FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

43. SUMMARY SUMMARY  DEFINITION  HISTORY  CAUSES  EFFECTS  REDUCTION MEASURES FRATRICIDE: SUMMARY

44. Fratricide FRATRICIDE