1. Introduction to Physical Science Monday, Wednesday, Thursday Tom Burbine tomburbine@astro.umass.edu

2. Thermal energy (kind of kinetic energy)‏ Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles Higher temperature – more kinetic energy, particles moving faster For examples, air molecules around you are moving at ~600 m/s http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/molecules.html

3. Temperature scales In America, we use Fahrenheit Water freezes at 32 degrees F Water boils at 212 degrees F Everywhere else, they use Celsius Water freezes at 0 degrees C Water boils at 100 degrees C

4. In Science Temperature is usually given as Kelvin Zero Kelvin is absolute zero – nothing moves Add 273.15 to the Celsius temperature to get the Kelvin temperature 273.15 Kelvin = 0 degrees Celsius

7. Absolute Zero 0 Kelvin Lowest limit of temperature Molecules have lost all available kinetic energy

8. Heat Heat is thermal energy in transit Objects contain thermal energy (not heat) Thermal energy flows from high temperature substances to low temperature substances

9. Heat Use Joules

10. First Law of Thermodynamics Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. It can only change forms. Or The change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of heat supplied to the system, minus the amount of work performed by the system on its surroundings.

11. Second Law of Thermodynamics Heat never spontaneously flows from a cold substance to a hot substance

12. Third Law of Thermodynamics No system can reach absolute zero.

13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTHiIwxcexI

14. Any Questions?