1. 1 ECE 453 – CS 447 – SE 465 Software Testing & Quality Assurance Instructor Kostas Kontogiannis

2. 2 Welcome Welcome to the Software Testing and Quality Assurance course Demanding, challenging and, rewarding course A glimpse of what software testing in theory and practice is all about

3. 3 How to reach me Kostas Kontogiannis –Web: www.swen.uwaterloo.ca/~kostas –E-mail: kostas@swen.uwaterloo.ca –Tel. (ext. 2840) –Office hours: Monday 17:30 – 18:30 DC 2539

4. 4 Software Testing CHAPTER 1 Unit 1

5. 5 Outline for today  Introduction Course description Software Testing, Quality Assurance, and Evolution basics

6. 6 Course components 3 lectures –SE 465 MC 4045 14:30-15:20 MWF –ECE 453 / CS 447 RCH 301 16:30 – 17:20 MWF 3 tutorials –SE 465 MC 4045 15:30 – 16:20 MW –ECE 453 / CS 447 RCH 305 8:00 – 8:50 W 1 project –Evolution –Testing

7. 7 Course website http://www.swen.uwaterloo.ca/~kostas/ECE453-06/ schedule lecture notes & slides recommended book –Software Testing A Craftsman's Approach 2nd edition, Paul C. Jorgensen, CRC Press past exams project description grade allocation course news system

8. 8 Project component Design and implement software for an IP Telephony application Groups of 4 30% of total grade Two parts: –System Enhancements Requirements Design Implementation –Testing Black Box White Box

9. 9 Goals of this course Become familiar with software testing concepts Learn how to design and plan software testing activities Experience software testing in a project that uses several components  Note: –“Scratching the surface of software testing and QA” –“Fitting you to become an amateur software tester”

10. 10 Course outline  Unit 1: Overview of Software Testing (Chapter 1-2) Unit 2: Mathematics for S/W Testers (Chapters 3-4) Unit 3: Black Box / Functional Testing (Chapters 5-8) Unit 4: White Box / Structural Testing (Chapters 9-11) Unit 5: Integration and System Testing (Chapter 12-13) Unit 6: Software Reliability and Quality Assurance Basics Unit 7: Software Reengineering and Evolution Basics Unit 8: Project Planning and Management

11. 11 What to do as a first Task Visit the Web site Go to the Project section –Complete Part I Administration –Complete Part II Preparation

12. 12 Outline for today Introduction Course description  Software testing basics

13. 13 Software Lifecycle Requirements phase Analysis phase Design phase (System and Object) Implementation phase Testing phase Integration phase Maintenance phase Retirement

14. 14 Software Lifecycle Activities Subsystems Structured By class... Source Code Implemented By Solution Domain Objects Realized By System Design Object Design Implemen- tation Testing Application Domain Objects Expressed in Terms Of Test Cases ? Verified By class.... ? Requirements Elicitation Use Case Model Analysis...and their models

15. 15 Software Testing : Definition “The process of devising a set of inputs to a given piece of software that will cause the software to exercise some portion of its code. The developer of the software can then check that the results produced by the software are in accord with his or her expectations.” www.reactive-systems.com/esda-glossary.msp

16. 16 Software Testing : Definition “Software testing is a process used to identify the correctness, completeness and quality of developed computer software. Actually, testing can never establish the correctness of computer software, as this can only be done by formal verification (and only when there is no mistake in the formal verification process). It can only find defects, not prove that there are none.” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_testing

17. 17 A Testing Cycle Although testing varies between organizations, there is a cycle to testing: 1.Requirements Analysis: Testing should begin in the requirements phase of the software life cycle (SDLC). 2.Design Analysis: During the design phase, testers work with developers in determining what aspects of a design are testable and under what parameter those testers work. 3.Test Planning: Test Strategy, Test Plan(s), Test Bed creation. 4.Test Development: Test Procedures, Test Scenarios, Test Cases, Test Scripts to use in testing software. 5.Test Execution: Testers execute the software based on the plans and tests and report any errors found to the development team. 6.Test Reporting: Once testing is completed, testers generate metrics and make final reports on their test effort and whether or not the software tested is ready for release. 7.Retesting the Defects

18. 18 Some Software Testing Objectives Find as many defects as possible. Find important problems fast. Assess perceived quality risks. Advise about perceived project risks. Advise about perceived quality. Certify to a given standard. Assess conformance to a specification (requirements, design, or product claims).

19. 19 Software Testing in RUP Management Environment Business Modeling Implementation Test Architecture & Design Preliminary Iteration(s) Iter. #1 Phases Process Workflows Iterations Supporting Workflows Iter. #2 Iter. #n Iter. #n+1 Iter. #n+2 Iter. #m Iter. #m+1 Deployment Configuration Mgmt Requirements ElaborationTransitionInceptionConstruction

20. 20 Software Testing in RUP RUP Testing Philosophy –Iterative development. –Low up-front documentation –Holistic approach. –Automation Actors and Roles –Test Manager –Test Analyst –Test Designer –Tester

21. 21 Software Testing in XP The biggest difference between XP projects and most ‘traditional’ software development projects is the concept of test-driven development. With XP, every chunk of code is covered by unit tests, which must all pass all the time. The absence of unit-level and regression bugs means that testers actually get to focus on their job: making sure the code does what the customer wanted. The acceptance tests define the level of quality the customer has specified (and paid for!)

22. 22 Software Testing in XP Characteristics Evolutionary development Collection of “12 Best Practices“ Focus on working code that implements customer needs (rather than documents) Testing is a crucial element of the process Focus on flexibility and efficiency of the process Designed for small teams (<10) Write tests Planning Test Pair Programming + Refactoring Integration Min. daily Every 2-3 weeks Release

23. 23 Software Testing in XP Activities testers perform on XP teams. –Negotiate quality with the customer (it’s not YOUR standard of quality, it’s what the customer desires and is willing to pay for!) –Clarify stories, flush out hidden assumptions –Enable accurate estimates for both programming and testing tasks –Make sure the acceptance tests verify the quality specified by the customer –Help the team automate tests –Help the team produce testable code –Form an integral part of the continuous feedback loop that keeps the team on track

24. 24 Software Quality Assurance : Definition “The function of software quality that assures that the standards, processes, and procedures are appropriate for the project and are correctly implemented.” www.hq.nasa.gov/office/codeq/software/umbrella_defs.htm

25. 25 Software process improvement initiatives Capability maturity model (CMM) –http://www.sei.cmu.edu/cmm/cmms/cmms.html ISO 9000-series ISO/IEC 15504 – Standard for Software Process Assessment (SPICE) –http://www-sqi.cit.gu.edu.au/spice/ ©Steven Schach 2002 [modified]

26. 26 Capability Maturity Model A set of strategies for improving the software process –SW–CMM for software –P–CMM for human resources (“people”) –SE–CMM for systems engineering –IPD–CMM for integrated product development –SA–CMM for software acquisition These strategies are being unified into CMMI (capability maturity model integration) Developed by Software Engineering Institute (SEI) ©Steven Schach 2002 [modified]

27. 27 SW–CMM A strategy for improving the software process Put forward in 1986 by the SEI Fundamental ideas: –Improving the software process leads to Improved software quality Delivery on time, within budget –Improved management leads to Improved techniques Five levels of “maturity” are defined Organization advances stepwise from level to level ©Steven Schach 2002

28. 28 SW–CMM Summary ©Steven Schach 2002

29. 29 Software Evolution : Definition “A continuous change from a lesser, simpler, or worse state to a higher or better state [for a software system]” www.cc.gatech.edu/reverse/glossary.htm

30. 30 Software Maintenance : Definition “Software maintenance is one of the activities in software engineering, and is the process of enhancing, porting, and optimizing deployed software, as well as remedying defects” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_maintenance

31. 31 Average cost distribution (1976–1981 data) Object-Oriented and Classical Software Engineer 5th Edition, Schach (2002)

32. 32 Summary Testing is an important part of the Software Lifecycle Highly technical and challenging Is affected by the selected process Quality Assurance is paramount both for mission critical and non-critical systems Software Evolution aims to keep systems operational when environment changes occur