2. Geography videoclip

3. Land size #1 Algeria 919,595 mi. sq. #2 Sudan 917,379 mi. sq. #3 Democratic Republic of Congo 875,525 mi. sq.

4. Population #1 Nigeria 146,255,312 #2 Ethiopia 82,544,840 #3 Democratic Republic of Congo 66,514,504

5. Per capita GDP South Africa $11,000 Botswana $16,100 Gabon $16,300

6. Population Density of Africa Africa’s population is unevenly distributed. Population is concentrated near the coast.

8. Africa has a huge plateau which covers most of the southern and eastern part of the continent.

9. Escarpment Def.: A steep slope with a nearly flat plateau on top.

10. Escarpment Giraffes

11. Escarpments are found along the edges of the plateau in southern and eastern Africa.

12. Climate: similar climates north and south of the equator.

13. Climate TROPICAL WET: Found in the center of the continent around the equator. Rainforest. TROPICAL WET & DRY: Found north and south of the equator. Mixed forest and grassland. SEMIARID: Found between tropical zones and the deserts. Grassland. ARID: Found between 20* and 30* N and S latitude. Desert.

14. Congo River System

15. Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River Waterfalls and rapids on many of Africa’s rivers impede transportation.

16. Waterfalls and rapids on many of Africa’s rivers make transportation difficult. Boyoma Falls on the Congo River

17. Waterfalls and rapids on many of Africa’s rivers impede transportation. Bujagali Falls where the Nile spills out of Lake Victoria in Uganda.

18. Victoria Falls

20. “The smoke that thunders.”

22. Smooth coastline Africa has a smooth coastline which lacks natural harbors. There are few ports where large ships can harbor. Advantage: It was difficult to invade Africa. Disadvantage: Africa remained isolated from the rest of the world for a long time.

23. Landlocked countries What is the disadvantage of being landlocked? A: It is difficult to transport goods to and from the sea. (import and export)

25. Lagos is a port city of 8 million, the second largest city in Africa after Cairo, Egypt.

26. Lagos’ port is one of the busiest in Africa. Exports include timber and agricultural products such as cacao.

27. Lagos is not a top pick for tourists. It “has a reputation for chaos, danger and squalor” among foreigners. The U.S. State Department has listed Lagos’ airport among the world’s most dangerous.

28. Garbage lines the streets in the Ajegunle slum in Lagos, Nigeria, where an estimated 3 million live. Local residents call it the “Jungle.’’

29. Dakar, the capital of Senegal, is on a peninsula on the west coast of Africa.

30. Dakar, a city of about 2.5 million, is one of the more modern cities on Africa.

31. The Tours Minam, a pair of 33-story towers, is under construction in downtown Dakar.

32. The Pointe de Almadies beach on the Atlantic Ocean in Dakar.

33. Dakar is one of the most important African port cities.

34. Goree Island, off the coast of Dakar, was a warehouse for slaves awaiting shipment to the Americas.

35. "For hundreds of years on this island peoples of different continents met in fear and cruelty. Today we gather in respect and friendship, mindful of past wrongs and dedicated to the advance of human liberty." President George W. Bush, July 8, 2003

36. Johannesburg has the largest economy of any city in sub- Saharan Africa.

37. Johannesburg is located in the Witwatersand Hills of South Africa. What explains Johannesburg’s location?

38. Gold was discovered in 1886. Diamonds were also found in the Witwatersand Hills.

40. Blue Nile White Nile

42. A dust cloud rolls toward Khartoum.

44. Dust storms known as “haboobs” often darken Khartoum.

47. What is the main religion in Khartoum?

52. Africa has huge stores of diamonds, gold and alloys.

53. Africa is a storehouse of mineral wealth.

55. Africa’s rainforest is vanishing rapidly due to commercial logging and slash & burn agriculture. How fertile is rainforest soil?

56. Rainforest soil lacks important nutrients Rainforest soil lacks important nutrients such as phosphorous, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Q: How can such nutrient poor soil support such thick vegetation? A: Rainforest nutrients come from decaying plant matter.

57. Africa’s southern deserts. Why are these deserts located here?

58. Africa’s southern deserts. Why are these deserts located here? wind direction

59. Africa’s southern deserts. Kalahari Namib

60. SAHEL The boundary zone between the Sahara desert and the more fertile areas to the south. The sahel is mostly savanna grassland. The sahel is vulnerable to drought and desertification.

61. SAHEL The boundary zone between the Sahara desert and the more fertile areas to the south. The sahel is mostly savanna grassland. The sahel is vulnerable to drought and desertification.

62. Africa has many nature parks and preserves to protect unique animals and their habitat.

63. Some national parks in the Congo region are specifically to protect lowland gorillas.

64. Even with protection, Africa’s wildlife is in serious peril from poaching and loss of habitat. Some species are in danger of extinction.

65. Maybe cycling in Africa isn’t such a good idea.

66. Primary economic activities.

67. A large percentage of the African population is engaged in subsistence agriculture. Def: Farming to raise enough food for a small group of people with little or no surplus to sell.

68. A large percentage of the African population is engaged in subsistence agriculture.

69. Nomadic herding The Masai tribe of Kenya and Tanzania cling to their semi-nomadic lifestyle despite encouragement by the government to settle.

70. Nomadic herding Cattle define the Masai way of life.

71. Slash and burn Rainforest is destroyed to clear land for farming.

72. Plantation agriculture Land owned by a few rich and worked by many poor.

73. Africa is a major exporter of raw materials such as timber. When raw materials are used to manufacture finished products in other countries, who makes the most money?

74. Africa is a major exporter of raw materials such as timber. The seller of finished products makes more profit than the seller of raw materials.

75. Poorly developed infrastructure. Rural road repair in Malawi.

76. Poorly developed infrastructure. Wheelbarrows are used for trash removal in Kinshasa, capital of Congo.

77. Poorly developed infrastructure. Millions of Africans lack access to clean drinking water.

78. The Earth at night. What does this tell you about the infrastructure of Africa?

79. The economies of most African countries are growing very slowly, if at all… Growth of GDP

80. …while the population grows faster than anywhere else in the world. Population growth

81. Desertification Def.: An expansion of dry areas to moist areas that are next to deserts.

82. Desertification What could cause an expansion of the desert?

83. Desertification Overgrazing, poor farming techniques, drought, fire, or deforestation Overgrazing, poor farming techniques, drought, fire, or deforestation cause loss of plants. Nutrient rich soil is exposed to erosion and is blown away. Plant life is unable to re-establish itself.

84. 43% of the African continent is desert. The areas shown in red and orange are at high risk for desertification.

85. makes poverty worse Desertification makes poverty and political instability worse. scarcityfamine Entire communities suffer from water scarcity and famine. Children (especially girls) cannot attend school Children (especially girls) cannot attend school because they're forced to walk long distances to get firewood. people are displaced from their homes Millions of people are displaced from their homes, creating severe pressures in the places in which they re- settle. Conflicts between countries Conflicts between countries, even armed conflict, can result.

86. Human Development Index 157. EritreaEritrea 158. NigeriaNigeria 159. Tanzania (U. Rep. of)Tanzania (U. Rep. of) 160. GuineaGuinea 161. RwandaRwanda 162. AngolaAngola 163. BeninBenin 164. MalawiMalawi 165. ZambiaZambia 166. Côte d'IvoireCôte d'Ivoire 167. BurundiBurundi 168. Congo (Dem. Rep. of)Congo (Dem. Rep. of) 169. EthiopiaEthiopia 170. ChadChad 171. Central African RepublicCentral African Republic 172. MozambiqueMozambique 173. MaliMali 174. NigerNiger 175. Guinea-BissauGuinea-Bissau 176. Burkina FasoBurkina Faso 177. Sierra LeoneSierra Leone Demographics are typical of developing economies. Low per capita GDP Low life expectancy High population growth rate High infant mortality Large % of population under age 15 Low literacy rates

87. Human Development Index 157. EritreaEritrea 158. NigeriaNigeria 159. Tanzania (U. Rep. of)Tanzania (U. Rep. of) 160. GuineaGuinea 161. RwandaRwanda 162. AngolaAngola 163. BeninBenin 164. MalawiMalawi 165. ZambiaZambia 166. Côte d'IvoireCôte d'Ivoire 167. BurundiBurundi 168. Congo (Dem. Rep. of)Congo (Dem. Rep. of) 169. EthiopiaEthiopia 170. ChadChad 171. Central African RepublicCentral African Republic 172. MozambiqueMozambique 173. MaliMali 174. NigerNiger 175. Guinea-BissauGuinea-Bissau 176. Burkina FasoBurkina Faso 177. Sierra LeoneSierra Leone Demographics are typical of developing economies. Low per capita GDP Low per capita GDP Low life expectancy Low life expectancy High population growth rate High infant mortality Large % of population under age 15 Low literacy rates Low literacy rates

88. Life expectancy in Zambia is 40.5 years.

89. Literacy rate in Burkina Faso is 23.5%.

90. Per capita GDP in Malawi is $667 per year.

91. Large number of refugees in Africa. Refugee: (def) Someone who flees from war or natural disaster.

92. Large number of refugees in Africa.

93. Sudanese refugee camp in Chad. Rwandan refugee camp in Congo.

94. Life doesn’t get worse than this. Large number of refugees in Africa.

95. African poverty videoclip

97. Ethnic Groups There are thousands of ethnic groups in Africa. Each with its own language and customs. Masai – Kenya and Tanzania

98. Dinka – along the White Nile Fulani – grasslands of West Africa Ethnic Groups There are thousands of ethnic groups in Africa. Each with its own language and customs.

99. Afar bride -- Djibouti Surma warrior -- Ethiopia Ethnic Groups There are thousands of ethnic groups in Africa. Each with its own language and customs.

100. Hausa – northern Nigeria San – Kalahari Desert Ethnic Groups There are thousands of ethnic groups in Africa. Each with its own language and customs.

101. Languages More than 250 languages are spoken in Nigeria.

102. Country names Some countries in Africa are named after historical empires.

103. National boundaries Until the late 1800s, African empires were governed by Africans.

104. National boundaries By the late 1800s, some European nations had established small colonies along the African coast.

105. National boundaries Boundaries were based on the location of resources and transportation routes. In 1884-85, at the Berlin Conference in Germany, European nations carved up the entire continent into huge colonies. No African rulers were invited to the conference. Boundaries were based on the location of resources and transportation routes.

106. National boundaries Colonial Africa after the Berlin Conference of 1884-85.

107. Griots Part of west African culture. Musicians, storytellers and historians. Griots maintain a knowledge of history. History is retold orally.

108. Griots are still part of African culture.

109. Masks Masks were part of most African ceremonies.

110. Masks Masks were used in initiation and fertility rites, in religious and funeral ceremonies.

111. Masks They were also used in comedy and theatrical performances.

112. Masks A mask was believed to give the person wearing it the power of certain spirits for the duration of the ceremony.

113. Sculpture African sculpture comes in a wide variety of styles and materials.

114. Sculpture The variety reflects the wide range of cultures and traditions in Africa.

115. Dance There are various dance styles in African culture. There are various dance styles in African culture. One common element is that African dance is polycentric. Instead of the body being “one unit,” different parts of the body move in different ways resulting in very complex movements.

116. Dance Common types of dance: Warrior dance Dance of love Rite of passage/coming of age dance Welcome dance Masai warrior dance

117. Dress Traditional attire of Africa (esp. west Africa) is very colorful.

118. Men’s kente shirt (Ghana)Men’s dashiki

119. The U.S. President and First Lady visit Benin in West Africa.

120. Jewelry A wide variety of materials – shells, beads, metal, etc. – are used to create African jewelry.

121. Fang videoclip