1. Native Americans

2. Early Native Americans
Many Thousand of years ago there was a land bridge between Asia and North America.
Present Day Russia and Alaska
During the Ice Age, people were able to walk back and forth

3. Bering Strait

4. First People of the Americas
First Peoples of America were Nomads.
Nomads do not have a permanent place to live.
Moved with their food
About 7,000 years ago they learned how to farm.
Set up a community and population began to grow.
The Native Americans settled in arctic ice fields, mountains, and deserts.

5. Early Americans With Farming No longer chasing food.
Able to specialize in a certain type of job.
Weaving, Pottery, and building.

6. Native Americans of the Arctic

7. Inuit Inuit ( IN-oo-it) Lived: Eskimos “The People”
Northwestern Alaska
Northern Canada
Greenland

8. Inuit Adapted Housing:
Changes that allowed people to survive in an environment.
Housing:

9. Inuits Adapted to their environment by created housing that helped to survive in the extreme weather.
During the winter they lived in Igloos
Animal Skinned Tents.

10. Food Whales, Walruses, Seals, Salmon.
Caribou, Polar Bears, Artic Foxes,
Squirrels, and Birds.
Inuits adapted by:
Eating all wildlife that was
Around.

11. Inuit Natural Resources Used all resources from the animals
The Animals they captured.
Used all resources from the animals
Ate the meat
Sewed animal skins for
Clothing
Blankets
Tents
Animal fat for fuel
Bones for dogsleds, tent frames, and tools
Knives
Harpoons

12. Created tools to survie:

13. Found ways to be practical

14. Native Americans of the West

15. Tlingit “Klingit” Region: Northwest Coast Coast Alaska to California
Still there today
Climate:
coast, mild winters, cool summers, wet climate
Northwest coast- wet climate, helped a rich variety of plants to grow

16. Tlingit Long House Plank Houses- Large (up to 100 feet long)
Housed several families from the same clan
As many as 50 people
Had rooms for storage.

17. Totem Poles Tall Logs carved with many designs. 60 feet
Honor families or chiefs
Family History
Status.

18. Food Farming was difficult Adapted to rely on other Natural Resources
Due to land and climate
Adapted to rely on other Natural Resources
Roots and berries
Gathered from the forests
Fish & sea animals.
From the Ocean and Rivers.

19. Salmon Run An activity that everyone in the community participates in.
Salmon swim back up the rivers in which they were born
This allows them to lay eggs where they were born.

21. Tlingit Salmon- Important source of food To keep fish all year around:
A family could catch
1,000 pounds of fish
To keep fish all year around:
Depending on the species of salmon
Roasted
Dried
Smoked.

22. Fishing Fish Trap Wooden Fence Stretched across a stream or river.
Salmon passed through the openings
Into woven baskets.

23. Canoes
Canoes
Aided in fishing
Fish Hooks
Fish Spears

24. Drying Fish

25. Tlingit Other Natural Resources: They were used for: Wood Plants
Animals
They were used for:
Food
Shelter
Clothing
Blankets
Boats.

26. Tlingit Tribe Technology Due to Water Ways
Made life easier
Plenty of time for Technology
Plentiful supply of Natural Resources.
Due to Water Ways
Tribes were able to trade with other Tribes
Lots to trade because of their free time to work on technology.
Made them very wealthy.

27. Arts and Crafts
Beadwork Bag
Beaded Band

28. Tlingit Tribe Potlatch- This occasion for: special feasts
Guests receive gifts
Takes years to prepare
This occasion for:
honoring a new chief
celebrate a wedding.

29. Tlingit Tribe Potlatch: Host Distributes HUNDREDS of gifts.
Host gets the Respect.
Each host tries to out do the other hosts.

30. Conflict with the Govt.
U.S. government forced Northwest Coast people to move far from the ocean
1971- a law that gave back to the Native American in Alaska over 44 million acres of their original homelands

31. Native Americans of the Southwest

32. Native Americans of the Southwest Tribe-Hopi
Hopiti
Gentle people
Typically farmers

33. Hopi Region: Southwest Desert Environment-
land mostly made of tall mountains, deep canyons, steep mesas
Mesas
is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs.

34. Devil’s Tower mesa

35. Hopi Climate: Very hot (day) Freezing (night) Blizzards and Flooding
Very dry, hardly any rain
Very hot (day)
Freezing (night)
Blizzards and Flooding

36. Very sacred to the Hopi everyone had a job.
Food
Adaptations:
Dry Farming
way of growing crops in places where there is little water
built dams & irrigation canals.
Farmed in Flood plains near and around mesas
Hardy crops:
corn with long roots, squash, beans, cotton.
Very sacred to the Hopi everyone had a job.

38. Hopi Adobe Bricks Not many Had to improvise with invention
Natural Resources
Not many
Had to improvise with invention
Adobe Bricks
Mud mixed with straw

39. House Shelter To keep out intruders Pueblos-(villages)
adobe(clay) apartment style homes-protection from heat and extreme cold
To keep out intruders
1st floor of the pueblos was built with out doors or windows
used ladders

41. Adobe Roof

42. Adobe Home

43. Kachinas Kachina ceremonies Religious Belief System
Spirits that visit the villages
Believe they bring rain to help crops grow.
Show people how to live, behave, bring peace & prosperity

44. Kachinas
Ceremonies held through out the 6 months the Kachina Spirits were in the village.
Each Dancer represented a differed Kachina
Other dancers are Tcutckutu
They cause Mischief
Takes years to train to become a dancer.

45. Example of a Sun Kachina
Kachinas
Example of a Sun Kachina
Represents
Spirit of the Sun
Main source of their survival

46. Eagle Kachina
Air
Freedom
Movement

47. The Nataska make horrible noises to scare the children.
Feared Ogre.
The Nataska make horrible noises to scare the children.
From the earliest ages,
Hopi children have heard
Nataska would abduct children and eat them,
The parents negotiate with the Nataska.
Parents become the hero.

48. Clown Kachina Represents
The clown would
Misbehave
Make fun of the ceremony
He would be taught a lesson
Moral of the Ceremony
Teaches children
To behave
Expectations

49. Kachina and Tcutckutu

50. Native Americans of the Plains

51. Lakota Sioux Region: Villages Prairie Black Hills
Great Plains
Middle West
Prairie
Flat or gentle rolling land covered with grass and wildflowers.
Black Hills
Villages
located near rivers, plenty of water for farming

52. Lakota Sioux Climate: Summers Extremely Hot Winters Extremely Cold
Lack of Rain
made farming difficult
Only farmed near rivers.

53. Native Americans of the Plains
Village Living
Lodges
homes made of logs covered w/ grasses, sticks, & soil.
From Buffalo caught
Made Beef Jerky

54. Native Americans of the Plains
Food
Men left their villages to hunt buffalo in the summer
Lived in Teepees.

55. Lakota Sioux Teepees (adaptation) Travois
cone-shaped tents made of animals.
easily folded up & moved to follow the buffalo.
Travois
sled-like device for carrying people & belongings

56. Lakota Sioux
Modern Made Teepee
Authentic Teepee.

57. Natural Resources Utilized the Buffalo with everything that they did
Teepee
Food
Clothing

58. Horses
1500s, Spanish arrived, in NA w/ horses that changed the Plains’ lives
Sioux tamed wild horses that escaped from the Spanish.
Buffalo took place of farming and many stopped living in Villages.
Started to live and follow the buffalo.

59. Lakota Sioux Battles were fought to prove courage. Weapons
Coup Stick-
French for “strike” or “hit”
used in a battle
Did not strike to kill.
Bow and Arrows
Rifles
After the Spanish.

60. Life of a Sioux Child Boys Girls Hunted with their fathers. School
Chores
Lacross
Girls
School
Chores
Dolls
Helped mothers build houses

61. Lakota Sioux 12 Day Summer Ritual Self-sacrifice.
Sun Dance
12 Day Summer Ritual
Self-sacrifice.
Bonding of the Men of the tribe.
Dancing and inflicting wounds.

62. Native American of the Eastern Woodlands

63. Native American of the Eastern Woodlands
Two Main Languages Spoken:
Algonquian
Iroquois
Both Very similar to each other since they are from the same region.

64. Eastern Woodlands Region: Eastern Woodlands.
Present Day North East Region.
Near the top of the Appalachian Mountains.
Near the Great Lakes

65. Iroquois Climate: Wet Cold Winters Cool Summers 4 distinct seasons
Humid
Wet
Cold Winters
Cool Summers
4 distinct seasons

66. Iroquois Shelter: Longhouses Iroquois where called
Hoddenosaunee-”people of the longhouse”
Longhouses
long buildings made of poles covered w/ sheets of bark.
Can be 200ft. long, provided a home for several families
Common Cooking area
Separate living areas

67. Long House

68. Iroquois Clothing
a long rectangular piece of tanned deerskin, cloth, or animal fur.
It is worn between the legs and tucked over a belt, so that the flaps fall down in front and behind.
Sometimes it is also called a breechclout, loincloth, skin clout, or just a flap.

69. Eastern Woodlands Food(Natural Resources) Ideal Climate for Farming
16 types of Corn
60 types of Beans
Women were in charge of Farming.
Forest:
Animals, Syrup, nuts, roots, vegetables, oils, fruits, berries, teas, and herbs for medicine.
Oceans provided plenty of Sea Food
Seals, Fish, Shrimp, Scallops.

71. Iroquois Technology: Wampum (Not a Natural Resource)
consisted of small, polished beads
Usually made from shells & then strung or woven together.
Woven into a necklace or a belt.
Given as a gift on special occasions

72. Wampum
Often made to help remember an important event.

73. Clan Mother of Iroquois
Group of families who share the same ancestors
Clan mother
Men were the head of each clan,
Women held a great deal of power in the Iroquois world.
Clan mothers and other clan women chose the male leaders but if unhappy replaced him.

74. Reflection
How did the different tribes have to adapt to their living environments?
How did different landforms help the different tribes?
What different aspects of culture did you notice from the different tribes?