1. 12.1The Revolution of 1910 & Nationalism in Mexico
Porfirio Diaz Dictator 30 Years- strict, no democracy, poor suffered
Cause of revolution of 1910
Poor- low pay, harsh treatment, lost land, controlled by rich
Middle Class-want Democracy
Wealthy wanted foreign control out

3. Porfirio Diaz

4. Francisco Madero-(Educated Land Owner) wanted democracy &war against Diaz
1911- Rebellions force Diaz to leave Mexico
Madero elected President assassinated 1913 by general
Gen Victoriano Huerta becomes President

5. Huerta

6. Emiliano Zapata

8. 3 Leader fight against Huerta
Pancho Villa- Formed an army of northern poor- many were cowboys, ranch hands
goal was to return land to the poor
Emiliano Zapata-Southern Mexico- was a poor farmer
Demanded land for the poor farmers- army made up of peasants(Tierra Y Libertad)
Education for the poor
Venustiano Carranza –wealthy land Owner (did not want to give poor Land)

9. Pancho Villa

10. Carranza elected President 1917 (assassinated 1920) - Fights against Zapata & Villa (both assassinated)

11. Fighting ends with Constitution by the PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party)
Began to give land to peasants
Began to bring schools to rural towns
Brought stability and Peace 1920’s Unified Mexico
Stable Democracy- Voted for Presidents peacefully

12. Mexico Post Revolution 1920-1940

13. Alvaro Obregon President 1920-1924
Obregon was a northern Farmer
Joined the revolution and fought under Carranza
He believed in a capitalist Economy
Goal was to try to accommodate all groups to stabilize Mexico

14. His Reforms Land Reform Began to give land back to some pueblos Labor
Slow process met with resistance from Haciendas and Church
Did more than Carranza but much less than Villa or Zapata wanted
Labor
Wanted Labor Unions workers would help Economy
Labor Unions gained immense political power
(little changed for the average worker)

15. Education Placed Jose Vasconcelos as Secretary of Public Education
Opened thousands of Schools in Rural areas
Made primary education compulsory
Created thousands of Libraries
Created teacher training centers to fill these positions

16. Capitalist Views Obregon had a strong belief in property rights
Returned railways to private owners
Continued payment of Foreign Debt
A right wing movement erupted but was crushed(Wealthy, hacendados, & Church)
Obregon had peasant, Labor Union, and 1923 US recognized his gov (brought stability)

17. Plutarco Calles 1924-1928 Former Teacher and Revolutionary
He was hand picked to take power by Obregon
Shared many of the same views and goals

18. His Regime Strengthen Monetary system
Created a Bank of Mexico. Only bank to print money
National Roads Commission and National Electrical Code created
Increased trade, construction, consumer goods
More effective in land redistribution
Problem was many of the peasants fell to same cycle of debt
Gov gave dry land and little support to work the land

19. Foreign Investments
Article 27 of the Const. gave Mexican gov rights to land and Natural resources
It was vague and unclear
Calles assured he would protect foreign investment(Oil)
Based on the constitution instead of a title(own land) the companies had a Lease(rent land)

20. Maximato
Period where Calles was not President but ran the country(presidents took his orders)
1929 Created the PNR(National Revolutionary Party) –soon to be PRI(Institutional Rev Party)
Time period of Corruption and there were little reforms
Elections were rigged and violence against opposition was common
PNR(PRI) party became more progressive needed to stop Calles

21. Lazaro Cardenas President 1934-1940
State Governor of Michoacán
Honest in his goals
Spent 50% of the state budget on education
Took leadership of PNR(PRI) and was elected president in 1934
Refused to take orders from Calles and exiled him

22. Lazaro Cardenas renewal of the goals of the Revolution
 restoration of the system of Ejidos (common lands) through a strong agrarian program to combat
 modern secular schools that would teach rationalist doctrines and combat the "fanaticism" of the Church
 workers' cooperatives to oppose the excesses of industrial capitalism
Nationalization of mineral and sub soil wealth
-Meant kicking out Foreign companies

23. Land Reform Returned 45 Million acres
Southern areas gave ejidos which were communal land
Northern Areas- gave Ranch more suited for livestock
Provided peasants with seeds, equipment, and government loans(lower rates)
Peasants become more productive

24. Labor Reform Calles stopped supporting organized labor
New Labor Unions were allowed to form under Cardenas
Workers went on strike with out gov intervention
Gained higher wages and better working conditions

25. Education Continued to spend on education
More schools and a more focused curriculum were formed
Increased the investment in higher educations
Took pride in the Native American roots of Mexico
Created Departamento de Asuntos Indigenas &
Instituto Nacional de Antropologia de Mexico

26. Economic Reform
He continued to focus on capitalism and building industry in Mexico
Provided industry with gov loans and protective tariffs
1938 due to labor conflicts Mexico decided to nationalize the oil
Huge support from entire nations
Raised money to pay the oil companies
Suffered economic sanctions from the US and England

27. Legacy Known as one of the most honest presidents in Mexico
During his time standard of living increased for the average Mexican
Limited corruption in government
Problem- after he left office the following leaders become more corrupt and sighted with the elite

28. Art Movement
Resurgence in Art and pride in Mexican culture erupted 1920’s
This was an effort at nationalism an and creating community after the war
Indigenismo- taking pride in the native past of Mexico

29. Artist The movement was led by gov funded murals
(Jose Vasconcelos)
Painting on many public buildings and Universities.
Key artist:Diego Rivera, David Siqueiros, Jose Orozco

30. Orozco

31. Siqueiros

32. Rivera Murals