1. Rumessa Naqvi EFFECTIVE SPEAKING

2. AIM To discuss the art of Communication with special emphasis on Public Speaking To discuss the art of Communication with special emphasis on Public Speaking

3. Speaking Opportunities At work At work –Selling your ideas –Technical presentations –Customer Presentations and Reviews Daily Life Daily Life –School Board Meetings –Town Zoning Board Meetings –PTA Meetings –Dramatic/Debating/… Society Meetings

4. Differences between Public Speaking (PS) and Conversation PS is more structured – –Usually time limited – –Questions not allowed to interrupt the speech, usually left for at end (time permitting) PS requires more formal language – –No slang, jargon or bad grammar – –Speeches should be something special so that they qualify as life events and are remembered PS requires a different method for delivery – –More formal delivery No vocalized pauses – “uh”, “ah”, “um” Don’t use stock phrases repeatedly – “you know”, “basically”, “I mean”

5. Speaking Skills Principles Principles Organization Organization Practicing Practicing Performing Performing

6. FOCUS FOCUS Unifying your talk around a central theme or idea. Unifying your talk around a central theme or idea. Concentrate on: What is most important? What is most important? –What is the exact problem? –What is the “bottom-line”?

7. Content Choosing the content 1. Choose a topic you can handle 2. Strictly define the topic 3. Gauge the audience 4. Determine the kind of occasion 5. Check out the setting

8. Organization Brainstormingisessential!

9. Organization For every ten bad ideas, there is one good one; and for every ten good ones, there is one that is practical. --Michael Eisner Former CEO, Walt Disney Company

10. ORGANIZE Structure your talk Structure your talk 1. State the main issue 2. Develop your viewpoint with specifics 3. Handle any questions 4. End with a clear summary 5. Make a last statement or request

11. Organization Organize into 3 parts IntroductionBodyConclusion

12. Preparation Always plan the closing first. Always plan the closing first. Sequence of preparation: Sequence of preparation:ClosingBodyOpening

13. Organization The Introduction Introduce the message—focus the audience Introduce the message—focus the audience Anecdote, fact, quote—grab their attention Anecdote, fact, quote—grab their attention State your intention State your intention

14. Beginnings 1. Short generalization It is a miracle that New York works at all. E.B. White 2. Startling claim It is possible to stop drug addiction in the U.S within a very short time. Gore Vidal

15. Beginnings 3. Questions Just how interconnected is the animal world? Is it true that if we change any part of that world we risk unduly damaging life in other, larger parts of it? Mathew Douglas

16. Beginnings Some ways of beginning that should be avoided: Some ways of beginning that should be avoided: 1.Apology 2.Complaint 3.Webster’s dictionary 4.Reference to the title

17. Organization The Introduction Introductions must be SHORT! Introductions must be SHORT! No more than 20% of time No more than 20% of time

18. Organization The Body Deliver the message— Deliver the message— convince the audience 3-5 main points, covered 3-5 main points, coveredequally Clearly identify the Clearly identify the points as you make them

19. Organization The Body I will present three approaches to protecting endangered species. I will present three approaches to protecting endangered species. The first approach is captive breeding… The first approach is captive breeding… Now, the second approach, reintroduction... Now, the second approach, reintroduction... The third is my favorite—habitat protection… The third is my favorite—habitat protection…

20. Organizing a Speech: Supporting Materials Supporting Materials –The “flesh” that fills out the skeleton of your speech –By themselves main points are only assertions. –Listeners need supporting materials to accept what the speaker says –Three major types of supporting materials: Examples Examples Statistics Statistics Testimony Testimony –Always provide sources to give credibility to the supporting materials

21. Organization The Body 60% of the time 60% of the time So, 20% per point! So, 20% per point! More than 5 points? Reorganize! More than 5 points? Reorganize!

22. Organization The Conclusion Synthesize the main points Synthesize the main points Motivate the audience Motivate the audience Give the audience a specific challenge Give the audience a specific challenge Strong finish, so audience knows when you’re done! Strong finish, so audience knows when you’re done!

23. Organization The Conclusion This is the big finale—so This is the big finale—so save time for it! 20% of the time 20% of the time Strong finish, so audience Strong finish, so audience knows when you’re done!

24. Practicing Practice is a process, not an event Practice is Practice is not rehearsing the night before Practice is Practice is not memorizing the talk Practice Practice IS gradually getting to know and love the talk

25. Principles Principles are fine, but… Be Yourself! don’t…copy someone else don’t…copy someone else don’t…make yourself uncomfortable don’t…make yourself uncomfortable do…try different things do…try different things do…develop your own style do…develop your own style

26. Performing Performing Like it or not, you are a performer! Listeners judge you by Listeners judge you by performance, more than performance, more than content content Listeners decide to Listeners decide to like/dislike you in the like/dislike you in the first few minutes.

27. DRAMATIZE Don’t just tell it, show it What is your main idea? What is your main idea? –Find a vivid memorable way to make your point –Can you tell the story visually? Chart, graph, photo, demonstration Chart, graph, photo, demonstration Use your creative imagination

28. HUMANIZE People are more important than things Don’t get lost in numbers Don’t get lost in numbers Cut the jargon Cut the jargon Think: how does my main idea relate to real people in their own day to day lives? Think: how does my main idea relate to real people in their own day to day lives?

29. Performing Appearance Look as good as you can Look as good as you can Dress better than the audience Dress better than the audience

30. Speaking with confidence Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA) Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA) Due to Lack of Experience, Feeling Different,Being the Center of Attention Due to Lack of Experience, Feeling Different,Being the Center of Attention Communication, audience or situation apprehension. Communication, audience or situation apprehension.

31. Strategies For Getting Started With Confidence Prepare and Practice Prepare and Practice Visualize Success Visualize Success Use Relaxation Techniques Use Relaxation Techniques

32. Strategies for Getting Started With Confidence: Freedom to Walk Walk around as you make some of your points Walk around as you make some of your points z Movement relieves tension, and it helps to hold the audiences attention

33. Strategies for Getting Started With Confidence: Natural Gestures Practice some controlled, natural gestures that might be useful in enhancing your speech, such as holding up your index finger when starting your first main point Practice some controlled, natural gestures that might be useful in enhancing your speech, such as holding up your index finger when starting your first main point

34. Strategies for Getting Started With Confidence Strategies for Getting Started With ConfidenceGestures Don’t…put hands in pockets Don’t…put hands in pockets Don’t…wave the pointer like a conductor Don’t…wave the pointer like a conductor Don’t…lean on the podium Don’t…lean on the podium Don’t…stare at the floor, window, screen Don’t…stare at the floor, window, screen Don’t…hide behind the podium Don’t…hide behind the podium

35. Performing Speaking style Speak from key phrases, ideas Speak from key phrases, ideas Use short sentences Use short sentences Use common words Use common words Vary voice level, pace Vary voice level, pace Engage audience Engage audience

36. Strategies for Getting Started With Confidence: Seek Pleasure in the Occasion Giving a speech can be satisfying and empowering. Giving a speech can be satisfying and empowering.

37. Avoid 11 deadly dangers while speaking publically

38. 1. No clear objective 2. Forgetting the audience. 3. Anticlimactic ending. 4. Mysterious opening. 5. Loss of focus. 6. No script. 7. Poor delivery. 8. Bad visuals. 9. Weak evidence. 10. Negative attitude. 11. No follow-up.