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Introduction to Geography Arthur Getis, Judith Getis, & Jerome D. Fellmann
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Urban Geography Chapter 11
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Overview The Functions of Urban Areas The Location of Urban Settlements Systems of Urban Settlements Inside the City Suburbanization in the U.S. Central City Change World Urban Diversity
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The Functions of Urban Areas Retailing Wholesaling Manufacturing Business Services Entertainment Political & Official Administration Military Defense Needs Social & Religious Service Public Services Education Transportation & Communications Meeting Places Recreation Visitor Services Residential Areas
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The Location of Urban Settlements Site Break-in-bulk locations River crossings, head-of-navigation locations, railheads Situation
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The Economic Base Basic sector Workers engaged in “export” activities Nonbasic sector Support the urban area, but do not bring in outside money Basic/nonbasic ratio Multiplier effect
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Systems of Urban Settlements The Urban Hierarchy Rank-Size Rule Primate cities World cities Urban influence zones Towns in Agricultural Areas Central Place Theory Network cities
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Central Place Theory Walter Christaller A model for helping to explain town interdependence Threshold & range A hierarchy exists of numerous small towns offering basic goods and services and fewer large towns offering a wider range of goods
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Inside the City Competitive bidding for land determines much of the land use within the city In general, population density & land values decrease as distance from the CBD increases Peak-value intersections Population densities tend to show a hollow center
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Models of Urban Land Structure Concentric Zone Model Sector Model Multiple-Nuclei Model
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Social Areas of Cities City residents, especially in larger, more complex cities, will often segregate themselves based on: Social status Family status Ethnicity
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Institutional Controls Local & national governments pass laws to control urban life Zoning and other nonmarket controls
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Suburbanization in the U.S. Metropolitanization & suburbanization after WWII Housing developments served as a pull factor to the suburbs Industries followed the trend Suburbs began to rival the power of the central city Edge Cities
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Central City Change Constricted central cities Suburbanization reduced the economic base of the central city and isolated its residents Immigration & gentrification have revived many urban areas Expanding central cities Cities have expanded automobile linkages to keep the suburbs within the sphere of the central city
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World Urban Diversity U.S. & Canadian cities West European cities East European cities Cities in the Developing World Latin America Asia Africa
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