1. The Monastic Tradition

2. God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, "Abba! Father! (Gal. 4.6) The threefold working of the living God… How does any particular form of Christian spirituality express and reflect the Trinitarian working of God?

3. God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, "Abba! Father! (Gal. 4.6) The primacy of God’s work throughout: our action follows in, through, and out of grace. How does a particular Christian spirituality express the relationship between God’s work/grace and our activity? Action RecepT Ion

4. God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, "Abba! Father! (Gal. 4.6) How does a particular Christian spirituality express the relationship between individuals and the community? Individual CommunItyCommunIty

5. Origin ExpressionDelight

6. Historical, Institutional, Traditional Intellectual Construction and Criticism Emotional and Volitional

7. Desert Monasticism (250-450) Bendictine and Celtic Monasticism (500- 800) Monasticism of Reform and Papal Renewal (900-1200) The Friars (1200-1350) The Catholic Reformation (1480-1700)

12. The Pachomian Day Synaxis –scripture –reflection –quiet work –acts of penance Return to Cells Preparation for work Main meal (silence) Work Light meal Teaching & community prayer

14. St. Gregory the Great at his Writing Desk, late 10th century ivory panel.

15. Celtic and Anglo- Saxon Missions

17. The Objects of Reform The Independence of the Church from Temporal Rulers The Spiritual Integrity of the Church amongst Political, Social, & Economic Powers

19. Cluny:the Beginnings 909, founded by Duke William of Aquitaine 927-94, Odo & Mayeul, promotion of monastic renewal 994-1109, Odilo & Hugh, network of dependent Abbeys

20. Spheres of Monastic Reform, including Cluny

21. Cluny and associated monasteries

22. Centers of Monastic Reform, 900-1100

23. A Reconstruction of Cluny, c.1157. Note the contrasting sizes of the earlier mid-C10th Church (center) and the later “great church" (to the right), begun in 1088.

24. East end of Cluniac church at Paray-le-Monial. Note apsidal chapels.

25. Cloister and fountain at Monreale, cathedral, 1175-85.

26. Gregorian Reform: Theory Root of Evils lies in Power of Laity over Church Primary Power for Formation of the Christian Social Order is the Papacy

27. Cistercianism: the Beginnings 1098, Citeaux founded 1112, Bernard enters Citeaux 1115, Bernard founds Clairvaux 1115-53, rapid growth, 343 abbeys.

28. Remaking Benedictinism Simplifying the Liturgy Seeking Poverty Criticizing Aesthetic Display Restoring Manual Labor Favoring Spiritual over Scholastic study Repudiating Lay Power

29. Cistercian Church; plain east end, no apsidal chapels

30. The Cistercian World

31. Bernard’s Theology A Turn to Inwardness An Ascent of the Spirit “Feeling” over “Knowing”

35. Individual women living alone or with family; Small communities attached to a parish church; Larger groups working in the context of a hospital or center for good works Independent Beguine parishes. Forms of Beguine Community

37. “Today we read in the book of experience.” “We are reformed by Christ into the spirit of freedom.” “In primo opere me mihi dedit, et ubi se dedit, me mihi reddidit (in creation, he gave me myself, and where he gave himself, he returned me to myself.) “Causa diligendi Deum, Deus est; modus, sine modo diligere” (God is the cause of loving God; the measure is to love without measure.) St. Bernard of Clairvaux.

38. The RulePractice Scripture

39. The Ascent of Love Loving oneself for one's own sake Loving God for one's own good Loving God for God's own sake Loving God and oneself for God's own sake

40. To love in this way is to become like God. How will God be all in all if anything of man remains in man? The substance remains, but in another form, with another glory, another power.