1. CSC 4510 – Machine Learning Dr. Mary-Angela Papalaskari Department of Computing Sciences Villanova University Course website: www.csc.villanova.edu/~map/4510/ Introduction CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

2. Machine Learning CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

3. 3 What is Learning? Herbert Simon (1970): “Learning is any process by which a system improves performance from experience.”

4. 4 What is Machine Learning? Arthur Samuel (1959): Machine Learning: Field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.

5. Why Study Machine Learning? Engineering Better Computing Systems Develop systems that are too difficult/expensive to program explicitly because they require specific detailed skills or knowledge tuned to a specific task –Personalized news or mail filter –Personalized tutoring SPAM CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

6. Why Study Machine Learning? Cognitive Science Computational studies of learning may help us understand learning in humans and other biological organisms. –Hebbian neural learning “Neurons that fire together, wire together.” –Human’s relative difficulty of learning disjunctive concepts vs. conjunctive ones. –Power law of practice log(# training trials) log(perf. time) CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

7. Why Study Machine Learning? The time is ripe Large amounts of computational resources available. Many basic effective and efficient algorithms available. The world is driven by data (data mining). –Market basket analysis (e.g. diapers and dvds) –News aggregation –Over 50m credit card transactions a day in the US alone. –The Large Hadron Collider produces 60 gigabytes per minute –Climate research centres generate 1-20 petabytes per year –Google processes 24 petabytes per day CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

8. So, um, what’s a petabyte again? CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

9. Humans can: - think, learn, see, understand language, reason, etc. Artificial Intelligence aims to reproduce these capabilities. Machine Learning is one part of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence Statistics / Mathematics Computer Vision Data Mining Machine Learning Robotics CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

10. Let’s try something You will be given instructions in class to collect data about your classmates Enter these data in the document provided We will use the decision tree algorithm from aispace.org/ to “learn” something about your sampleaispace.org/ CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

11. Next time Some historical background on AI and a more careful definition of machine learning Discussion of Alan Turing article: “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” http://loebner.net/Prizef/TuringArticle.html “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” http://loebner.net/Prizef/TuringArticle.html See also: Alan Turing website maintained by Andrew Hodges: http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/ http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/ Philosophical objections to Turing Test http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-room/ http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-room/ Some of the slides in this presentation are adapted from: Prof. Frank Klassner’s ML class at Villanova the University of Manchester ML course http://www.cs.manchester.ac.uk/ugt/COMP24111/http://www.cs.manchester.ac.uk/ugt/COMP24111/ The Stanford online ML course http://www.ml-class.org/http://www.ml-class.org/ Playing Turing’s imitation game CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University Read this