1. CHAPTER 2 PARENTING: A CHOICE PAGE 24

2. OBJECTIVES THE STUDENT WILL: THE STUDENT WILL: –Recognize parenting as a lifetime commitment –State reasons often given for having children –Identify factors that determine a couple’s readiness for parenting. –Explain how children affect a couple’s financial and career goals –State reasons often given for remaining childless –Identify challenges and risks faced by teen parents –Use the decision making process to decide about parenting.

3. KEY TERMS Alternatives Alternatives Consequences Consequences Decision-making process Decision-making process Dual-career family Dual-career family Empty nest syndrome Empty nest syndrome Goals Goals Long-term goals Long-term goals Short-term goals Short-term goals Time line Time line

4. REASONS FOR BECOMING A PARENT AS AN EXPRESSION OF LOVE AS AN EXPRESSION OF LOVE TO ESTABLISH A FAMILY LIFE-STYLE TO ESTABLISH A FAMILY LIFE-STYLE TO HAVE THE EXPERIENCE TO HAVE THE EXPERIENCE TO FULFILL ROLE EXPECTATIONS TO FULFILL ROLE EXPECTATIONS

5. POOR REASONS FOR HAVING CHILDREN GIVING IN TO FAMILY AND PEER PRESSURE GIVING IN TO FAMILY AND PEER PRESSURE TRAPPING A PARTNER TRAPPING A PARTNER WANTING CHILDREN FOR FRIENDS WANTING CHILDREN FOR FRIENDS WANTING CHILDREN FOR COMPANIONS WHEN YOU ARE ELDERLY WANTING CHILDREN FOR COMPANIONS WHEN YOU ARE ELDERLY

6. FACTORS TO CONSIDER YOUR GOALS YOUR GOALS –THINGS YOU WISH TO ACCOMPLISH LONG-TERMSHORT-TERM TIME LINE

7. CONSIDERATIONS THE MARRIAGE RELATIONSHIP THE MARRIAGE RELATIONSHIP –COMMUNICATION –STABILITY –COMMITMENT –MATURITY

8. CONSIDERATIONS YOUR READINESS FOR PARENTHOOD YOUR READINESS FOR PARENTHOOD –EMOTIONAL FACTORS –SOCIAL FACTORS –INTELLECTUAL FACTORS –PHYSICAL FACTORS

9. CONSIDERATIONS YOUR FINANCES YOUR FINANCES THESE WEB SITES WILL GIVE YOU AN ESTIMATE OF THE COST OF CHILDREARING: THESE WEB SITES WILL GIVE YOU AN ESTIMATE OF THE COST OF CHILDREARING: –http://www.babycenter.com/costofchild/?_req uestid=2555242 http://www.babycenter.com/costofchild/?_req uestid=2555242http://www.babycenter.com/costofchild/?_req uestid=2555242 –http://www.bluecollardollar.com/child_costs.h tml http://www.bluecollardollar.com/child_costs.h tmlhttp://www.bluecollardollar.com/child_costs.h tml

10. YOUR CAREER EACH FAMILY MUST CONSIDER ITS OWN VALUES AND CIRCUMSTANCES. EACH FAMILY MUST CONSIDER ITS OWN VALUES AND CIRCUMSTANCES. MANY FAMILIES TODAY ARE DUAL CAREER FAMILIES;BOTH PARENTS WORK OUTSIDE THE HOME MANY FAMILIES TODAY ARE DUAL CAREER FAMILIES;BOTH PARENTS WORK OUTSIDE THE HOME WHAT SPECIFIC EFFECT DOES PARENTING HAVE ON ONE’S CAREER? WHAT SPECIFIC EFFECT DOES PARENTING HAVE ON ONE’S CAREER?

11. REASONS FOR NOT HAVING CHILDREN COUPLES WANT MORE LEISURE TIME COUPLES WANT MORE LEISURE TIME TOO EXPENSIVE TOO EXPENSIVE COUPLES WANT MORE FLEXIBILE SCHEDULES COUPLES WANT MORE FLEXIBILE SCHEDULES FEAR FEAR PARENTING WOULD INTERFERE WITH CAREER PARENTING WOULD INTERFERE WITH CAREER

12. TEEN PARENTS TEEN PARENTS CAN ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY AND BE GOOD PARENTS. TEEN PARENTS CAN ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY AND BE GOOD PARENTS. HOWEVER, THERE ARE CHALLENGES THAT FACE TEEN PARENTS. HOWEVER, THERE ARE CHALLENGES THAT FACE TEEN PARENTS.

13. TEEN PARENTS HEALTH RISKS HEALTH RISKS Bodies of young mothers are still growing and developing—pregnancy puts a huge stress on development Bodies of young mothers are still growing and developing—pregnancy puts a huge stress on development Many teen girls have poor eating habits Many teen girls have poor eating habits

14. TEEN PREGNANCY (RISKS) Some teens are not aware of risks affecting the unborn: Some teens are not aware of risks affecting the unborn: –Smoking –Alcohol consumption –Drugs –Lack of prenatal care (seeing a health care professional)

15. TEEN PREGNANCY THE INFANT MORTALITY RATE (DEATH RATE) FOR BABIES BORN TO TEEN MOMS IS 18 PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS. THE INFANT MORTALITY RATE (DEATH RATE) FOR BABIES BORN TO TEEN MOMS IS 18 PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS. THIS COMPARES TO 10.3 FOR MOMS IN THEIR TWENTIES. THIS COMPARES TO 10.3 FOR MOMS IN THEIR TWENTIES.

16. TEEN PREGNANCY PREMATURE/LOW BIRTHWEIGHT PREMATURE/LOW BIRTHWEIGHT ONE IN SEVEN BABIES BORN TO TEEN MOTHERS IS LOW BIRTHWEIGHT ONE IN SEVEN BABIES BORN TO TEEN MOTHERS IS LOW BIRTHWEIGHT –Respiratory, heart, liver problems –Learning disabilities later in life –Organs are not fully developed –Less than a normal chance of survival –Continued health problems

17. TEEN PREGNANCY THE DEATH RATE FROM PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS IS HIGHER FOR TEENS THE DEATH RATE FROM PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS IS HIGHER FOR TEENS STUDIES SHOW THAT 17% OF TEEN MOTHERS EXPERIENCE A SECOND PREGNANCY WITHIN 36 MONTHS OF THE FIRST STUDIES SHOW THAT 17% OF TEEN MOTHERS EXPERIENCE A SECOND PREGNANCY WITHIN 36 MONTHS OF THE FIRST

18. TEEN PREGNANCY SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AFFECTS BOTH THE HEALTH OF THE MOTHER AND BABY AFFECTS BOTH THE HEALTH OF THE MOTHER AND BABY –AIDS –GONORRHEA –SYPHILLIS –HERPES

19. TEEN PREGNANCY SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL CHANGES SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL CHANGES –FREEDOM IS CURTAILED –MAY OR MAY NOT BE A LONG TERM RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MOTHER AND FATHER –LITTLE KNOWLEDGE OF CARING FOR A BABY –IMMATURITY

20. TEEN PREGNANCY SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL CHANGES SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL CHANGES –LESS IN COMMON WITH FRIENDS –DIFFICULTY COPING WITH STRESS –MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE SUPPORT SYSTEM FAMILY, CHURCH, COMMUNITY, ETC. FAMILY, CHURCH, COMMUNITY, ETC.

21. TEEN PREGNANCY EDUCATION AND CAREER RISKS EDUCATION AND CAREER RISKS –A MAJORITY OF TEEN MOTHERS DROP OUT OF SCHOOL. WHY? –ILLNESS DURING PREGNANCY –CHILD CARE –DEMANDS OF CHILDREARING –ILLNESS OF THE CHILD –WORK –OTHERS?

22. TEEN PREGNANCY THIS WEB SITE WILL GIVE YOU SOME STATISTICS ON THE FINANCIAL DISADVANTAGES FACED BY HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTS: THIS WEB SITE WILL GIVE YOU SOME STATISTICS ON THE FINANCIAL DISADVANTAGES FACED BY HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTS: http://www.dol.gov/asp/fibre/dropout.htm http://www.dol.gov/asp/fibre/dropout.htm http://www.dol.gov/asp/fibre/dropout.htm

23. DROPOUTS Earning a two-year degree from a vocational or technical school can mean almost $1.5 million over a 40-year work life, according to an analysis by the Employment Policy Foundation of Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Current Population Survey earnings and education data. As workers complete higher levels of education and training, their lifetime earnings substantially increase Earning a two-year degree from a vocational or technical school can mean almost $1.5 million over a 40-year work life, according to an analysis by the Employment Policy Foundation of Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Current Population Survey earnings and education data. As workers complete higher levels of education and training, their lifetime earnings substantially increase

24. DROPOUTS A bachelor's degree is worth more than $1.9 million over a 40-year period, while a doctorate or professional degree can be worth more than $2.8 million. The numbers are for full-time, year-round workers. A bachelor's degree is worth more than $1.9 million over a 40-year period, while a doctorate or professional degree can be worth more than $2.8 million. The numbers are for full-time, year-round workers.

25. DROPOUTS In stark contrast, individuals without a high school diploma only earn $852,000 over a 40-year period, or about $620,000 less than workers that complete a vocational degree; $672,000 less than those that complete a two-year college degree and $1.1 million less than college graduates with bachelor's degrees. In stark contrast, individuals without a high school diploma only earn $852,000 over a 40-year period, or about $620,000 less than workers that complete a vocational degree; $672,000 less than those that complete a two-year college degree and $1.1 million less than college graduates with bachelor's degrees.

26. DROPOUTS The job market will continue to place a premium on education and skills, as more and more positions are created in the next 10 years in technical, professional and management occupations. The job market will continue to place a premium on education and skills, as more and more positions are created in the next 10 years in technical, professional and management occupations.

27. EDUCATION AND INCOME No high school diploma. Average weekly earnings: $410. Average annual earnings: $21,314. Total 40-year earnings: $852,577. No high school diploma. Average weekly earnings: $410. Average annual earnings: $21,314. Total 40-year earnings: $852,577. High school diploma only. Average weekly earnings: $588. Average annual earnings: $30,560. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $9,245. Total 40-year earnings: $1,222,396. Forty-year gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $369,818. High school diploma only. Average weekly earnings: $588. Average annual earnings: $30,560. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $9,245. Total 40-year earnings: $1,222,396. Forty-year gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $369,818.

28. EDUCATION AND INCOME Two-year vocational degree. Average weekly earnings: $708. Average annual earnings: $36,833. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $15,519. Total 40-year earnings: $1,473,335. Forty-year gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $620,758. Two-year vocational degree. Average weekly earnings: $708. Average annual earnings: $36,833. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $15,519. Total 40-year earnings: $1,473,335. Forty-year gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $620,758.

29. EDUCATION AND INCOME Two-year college degree. Average weekly earnings: $733. Average annual earnings: $38,118. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $16,803. Total 40-year earnings: $1,524,703. Forty-year gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $672,126. Two-year college degree. Average weekly earnings: $733. Average annual earnings: $38,118. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $16,803. Total 40-year earnings: $1,524,703. Forty-year gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $672,126.

30. EDUCATION AND INCOME Bachelor's degree. Average weekly earnings: $949. Average annual earnings: $49,344. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $28,030. Total 40-year earnings: $1,973,760. Forty-year gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $1,121,183. Bachelor's degree. Average weekly earnings: $949. Average annual earnings: $49,344. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $28,030. Total 40-year earnings: $1,973,760. Forty-year gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $1,121,183.

31. EDUCATION AND EARNING Master's degree. Average weekly earnings: $1,109. Average annual earnings: $57,676. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $36,631. Total 40-year earnings: $2,307,025. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $1,454,448. Master's degree. Average weekly earnings: $1,109. Average annual earnings: $57,676. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $36,631. Total 40-year earnings: $2,307,025. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $1,454,448.

32. EDUCATION AND EARNING Professional or doctorate degree. Average weekly earnings: $1,376. Average annual earnings: $71,573. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $50,258. Total 40-year earnings: $2,862,914. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $2,010,337. Professional or doctorate degree. Average weekly earnings: $1,376. Average annual earnings: $71,573. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $50,258. Total 40-year earnings: $2,862,914. Annual gain over earnings with no high school diploma: $2,010,337. SOURCE: SOURCE: http://www.epf.org/media/newsreleases/2001/nr20011219.htm

33. EDUCATION BESIDES INCOME, WHAT ARE OTHER BENEFITS OF STAYING IN HIGH SCHOOL AND FURTHERING YOUR EDUCATION AFTER HIGH SCHOOL? BESIDES INCOME, WHAT ARE OTHER BENEFITS OF STAYING IN HIGH SCHOOL AND FURTHERING YOUR EDUCATION AFTER HIGH SCHOOL?

34. TEEN PARENTS OTHER FINANCIAL RISKS OTHER FINANCIAL RISKS –SUPPORT OF THE FATHER –LIVING ARRANGEMENTS –MANY TEEN PARENTS ARE ON WELFARE –HOUSING

35. ACITIVTY Keep a journal of your activities for one day. Answer the following questions : What time did you wake up? What time did you go to sleep? What did you eat during the day? Be specific: include fruits, vegetables, and junk food. How much time did you spend with friends? What activities did you participate in? How much time did you spend at each? Were you tired during the day? If so, were you able to nap? Keep a journal of your activities for one day. Answer the following questions : What time did you wake up? What time did you go to sleep? What did you eat during the day? Be specific: include fruits, vegetables, and junk food. How much time did you spend with friends? What activities did you participate in? How much time did you spend at each? Were you tired during the day? If so, were you able to nap?

36. ACTIVITY Next,consider the implications of becoming a parent. How would your daily routines would change if you had a child to take care of. How would having a child affect your education? Other aspects of your future? What kinds of financial responsibilities come with being a parent? If you strongly believe that your long-term goals would not change with a baby, you may want to look at the facts below from a 1996 study (Fact Sheet: Teen Pregnancy): Next,consider the implications of becoming a parent. How would your daily routines would change if you had a child to take care of. How would having a child affect your education? Other aspects of your future? What kinds of financial responsibilities come with being a parent? If you strongly believe that your long-term goals would not change with a baby, you may want to look at the facts below from a 1996 study (Fact Sheet: Teen Pregnancy):Fact Sheet: Teen PregnancyFact Sheet: Teen Pregnancy

37. ACTIVITY Ninety-four percent of teens believe that if they were pregnant they would stay in school; in reality, 70 percent eventually complete high school. Ninety-four percent of teens believe that if they were pregnant they would stay in school; in reality, 70 percent eventually complete high school. Fifty-one percent of teens believe that if they were involved in a pregnancy they would marry the baby’s mother or father; in reality, 81 percent of teenage births are to unmarried teens. Fifty-one percent of teens believe that if they were involved in a pregnancy they would marry the baby’s mother or father; in reality, 81 percent of teenage births are to unmarried teens. Twenty-six percent of teens believe that they would need welfare to support a child; in reality, 56 percent receive public assistance to cover the cost of delivery and 5 percent receive public assistance by their early 20s. Twenty-six percent of teens believe that they would need welfare to support a child; in reality, 56 percent receive public assistance to cover the cost of delivery and 5 percent receive public assistance by their early 20s.

38. ACTIVITY Consider how you would have to take care of yourself during a pregnancy. For example, what is necessary for a healthy pregnancy? Make a list: Consider how you would have to take care of yourself during a pregnancy. For example, what is necessary for a healthy pregnancy? Make a list: Next, think about what you would have to do to take care of yourself and your baby after birth. Next, think about what you would have to do to take care of yourself and your baby after birth. Source: http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/p rograms/teenpregnancy/ Source: http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/p rograms/teenpregnancy/ http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/p rograms/teenpregnancy/ http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/p rograms/teenpregnancy/

39. DECISION MAKING DECIDING TO BECOME A PARENT IS THE BIGGEST DECISION YOU WILL EVER MAKE! DECIDING TO BECOME A PARENT IS THE BIGGEST DECISION YOU WILL EVER MAKE! REVIEW THE STEPS IN THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS:

40. DECISION MAKING PAGE 42-43 1. Identify the decision 1. Identify the decision 2. Look at the alternatives 2. Look at the alternatives 3. Evaluate the consequences 3. Evaluate the consequences 4. Choose an alternative 4. Choose an alternative 5. Act on the alternative 5. Act on the alternative 6. Evaluate the results 6. Evaluate the results