1. BIOLOGY PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING Goh Yi Rui 3O1(10) & Teh Zi Hao 3O1(31)

2. Objectives A well balanced diet is necessary for the proper growth and development of the body, especially so for the growing and active adolescent boys in our school.Furthermore, there are some students with special dietary requirements and their choice of meals may be limited To propose changes to food offered in the school canteen to suit the dietary needs of a specific group

3. Target group  Vegetarians  Students from age 13-16  Adults from age 20-35

4. Survey  Consists of 4 students & 2 teachers  Questionnaire of 8 Questions, namely: 1) Do you take supplement pills? 2) What type of vegetarian are you? 3) Do you take mock meat? 4) Why are you a vegetarian? 5) How else do you get your nutrients from? 6) How often do you exercise? 7) What are the health benefits of being a vegetarian? 8) What should a balanced & nutritious meal for a vegetarian be like?

5. Surveyee 1- Mr Tan BB  Response in chronological order, as quoted  Yes, multi-vitamins, vitamin C & cod liver oil  Strict vegetarian  Yes  Religion/ Animal lover  Pills, beans, tofu  2-3times a week  Environmentally friendly  Low starch, high fiber meal

6. Conclusion  Most surveyees are vegetarian because of religion  A portion of them are lacto-ovo vegetarians  All of the surveyees exercise regularly, their level of activity are around the same  Most thinks that beans, mushrooms and green plants like broccoli are main sources of vital nutrients  All think that a vegetarian stall is the best solution

7. Vegetarianism, Pros  In our current society, many people suffers from obesity, by being a vegetarian one can cut out junk food from one’s diet  Food nowadays contain artificial chemical, harmful animal products with toxins  Vegetarianism ensures low calories which in turn gives vegetarians a healthy weight  Lower risk of cancer

8. Vegetarianism, Cons  Lack of complete proteins in plant-based products  Lack of the vitamin riboflavin (B2) that is important in converting protein, fats and carbohydrates into energy  Lack of vitamin B12 which is for the formation of red blood cells and the maintenance of the nervous system  Lack of Vitamin D

9. Basic Dietary Needs  Carbohydrates  Main energy source  Converted into other organic compounds(amino acids) when in glucose form  Present in rice, noodles, wheat & grain food  Proteins  Needed for synthesis of protoplasm  Repairs tissue  Formation of antibodies  Present in bean-based products, egg, mushrooms

10.  Fats  High satiety level, easily full  High energy content  Essential for dissolving of fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)  Storage of calories  Present in vegetable oil  Iron  Formation of haemoglobin and myoglobin  Present in beans & dark leafy vegetables

11.  Fiber  Helps retain water of undigested materials in the large intestine  Reduces risk of getting colon cancer  Present in most vegetables  Calcium  Prevents blood clot  Maintains strength of teeth and bones  Present in soy-based products, diary products, tofu, dark leafy vegetables

12. School Canteen  Our school canteen does not cater to vegetarians  Most, if not all of the food have something of animal origin  Proposed idea: A vegetarian stall

13. Vegetarian Stall  Similar to Stall 3- Purple Plate  “pick what you want” style  Consists of: 1. Mushrooms – White Button Mushroom as it retains most of the nutrients after being cooked. High in vitamins 2. Brown Rice – Staple food, taken with beans to provide “complete” protein 3. Beans – Baked beans & groundnuts which contains fats and protein needed

14. 4. Vegetables – Green & dark leafy vegetables which provides a significant portion of the fiber & proteins 5. Vegetables – Broccoli, high in antioxidant & vitamins 6. Tofu – For proteins & oil 7. Mock Meat – To satisfy the craving for meat for some of the students

15. Bibliography  http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZrhswGcQY- sC&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=starch+nutrition+vegetarians&source=bl&ots=- o9K9LTlza&sig=Rz1tcmM- t5umLL7u6kNgCn5SBLE&hl=en&ei=mx4dSqmdD4OMkAWPy8GNDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&re snum=5 http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZrhswGcQY- sC&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=starch+nutrition+vegetarians&source=bl&ots=- o9K9LTlza&sig=Rz1tcmM- t5umLL7u6kNgCn5SBLE&hl=en&ei=mx4dSqmdD4OMkAWPy8GNDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&re snum=5  http://www.panerabread.com/menu/nutrition/profile.php?id=165 http://www.panerabread.com/menu/nutrition/profile.php?id=165  http://www.revolutionhealth.com/healthy-living/food-nutrition/alternative-food- attitudes/vegetarian/vegetarian-diet http://www.revolutionhealth.com/healthy-living/food-nutrition/alternative-food- attitudes/vegetarian/vegetarian-diet  http://www.moncuisine.com/100z_veg_info.htm http://www.moncuisine.com/100z_veg_info.htm  http://www.vrg.org/nutshell/athletes.htm http://www.vrg.org/nutshell/athletes.htm  http://www.happycow.net/vegetarian_diet.html http://www.happycow.net/vegetarian_diet.html  http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/carbohydrates-full-story/index.html http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/carbohydrates-full-story/index.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat  http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/fats-full-story/index.html http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/fats-full-story/index.html  http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/protein-full-story/index.html http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/protein-full-story/index.html  http://www.stevepavlina.com/forums/health-fitness/4790-most-vegetarians-unhealthy-importance-dietary- protein.html http://www.stevepavlina.com/forums/health-fitness/4790-most-vegetarians-unhealthy-importance-dietary- protein.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_in_nutrition http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_in_nutrition  http://www.fitnesshealthzone.com/vitamins-supplements/importance-of-vitamin-c/ http://www.fitnesshealthzone.com/vitamins-supplements/importance-of-vitamin-c/  http://www.healthy-vitamin-choice.com/ http://www.healthy-vitamin-choice.com/  http://www.mamashealth.com/diets/goodcarbs.asp http://www.mamashealth.com/diets/goodcarbs.asp