1. Problems with Bragg-Brentano diffractometer geometry Multilayer optics

2. Problems with Bragg-Brentano diffractometer geometry axial divergence flat specimen error specimen transparency error specimen displacement error Problems with Bragg-Brentano diffractometer geometry axial divergence flat specimen error specimen transparency error specimen displacement error Multilayer optics

3. Problems with Bragg-Brentano diffractometer geometry disappear w/ parallel beam geometry Problems with Bragg-Brentano diffractometer geometry disappear w/ parallel beam geometry Multilayer optics

4. Problems with Bragg-Brentano diffractometer geometry disappear w/ parallel beam geometry Even irregularly shaped specimens OK Can also increase beam intensity Problems with Bragg-Brentano diffractometer geometry disappear w/ parallel beam geometry Even irregularly shaped specimens OK Can also increase beam intensity Multilayer optics

5. Problems with Bragg-Brentano diffractometer geometry disappear w/ parallel beam geometry Even irregularly shaped specimens OK Can also increase beam intensity - due to larger capture angle Problems with Bragg-Brentano diffractometer geometry disappear w/ parallel beam geometry Even irregularly shaped specimens OK Can also increase beam intensity - due to larger capture angle Multilayer optics

6. Problems with Bragg-Brentano diffractometer geometry disappear w/ parallel beam geometry Even irregularly shaped specimens OK Can also increase beam intensity - due to larger capture angle More monochromatic Problems with Bragg-Brentano diffractometer geometry disappear w/ parallel beam geometry Even irregularly shaped specimens OK Can also increase beam intensity - due to larger capture angle More monochromatic Multilayer optics

7. Alternate setup Multilayer optics

8. Alternate setup increased resolution reduced fluorescence from specimen Alternate setup increased resolution reduced fluorescence from specimen Multilayer optics

9. Looks like this Multilayer optics

10. How does it work? From Principles, Performance and Applications of Multilayer Optics Srivatsan Seshadri, Osmic, Inc. Multilayer optics

11. How does it work? From Principles, Performance and Applications of Multilayer Optics Srivatsan Seshadri, Osmic, Inc. Multilayer optics

12. How does it work? From Principles, Performance and Applications of Multilayer Optics Srivatsan Seshadri, Osmic, Inc. Multilayer optics

13. How does it work? Performance characterized by rocking curve - fixed 2 ,  rotates From Principles, Performance and Applications of Multilayer Optics Srivatsan Seshadri, Osmic, Inc. Multilayer optics

14. How does it work? Performance characterized by rocking curve - fixed 2 ,  rotates smaller d, lower Z --> more penetration --> narrower curve Performance characterized by rocking curve - fixed 2 ,  rotates smaller d, lower Z --> more penetration --> narrower curve

15. γ - ratio of the thickness of heavy material to thickness of bi-layer Low γ multilayer has narrower rocking curve; higher γ multilayer has wider rocking curve γ - ratio of the thickness of heavy material to thickness of bi-layer Low γ multilayer has narrower rocking curve; higher γ multilayer has wider rocking curve Multilayer optics

16. γ - ratio of the thickness of heavy material to thickness of bi-layer Low γ multilayer has narrower rocking curve; higher γ multilayer has wider rocking curve Highest reflectivity can be achieved at specific γ, but dependent on coating materials γ - ratio of the thickness of heavy material to thickness of bi-layer Low γ multilayer has narrower rocking curve; higher γ multilayer has wider rocking curve Highest reflectivity can be achieved at specific γ, but dependent on coating materials Multilayer optics

17. Depth graded coating Yields broadened x-ray spectrum From Principles, Performance and Applications of Multilayer Optics Srivatsan Seshadri, Osmic, Inc. Multilayer optics

18. Laterally graded coating When combined w/ curved substrate, can focus From Principles, Performance and Applications of Multilayer Optics Srivatsan Seshadri, Osmic, Inc. Multilayer optics

19. Laterally graded coating When combined w/ curved substrate, can focus…….or make parallel beam (parabolic surface) From Principles, Performance and Applications of Multilayer Optics Srivatsan Seshadri, Osmic, Inc. Multilayer optics