1. Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Power, Politics, and Conflict in World History, 1990-2010 35

2. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Power, Politics, and Conflict in World History, 1990-2010 I.The End of the Cold War II.The Spread of Democracy III.The Great Powers and New Disputes IV.The United States as Sole Superpower

3. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Power, Politics, and Conflict in World History, 1990-2010

4. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The End of the Cold War Factors in Soviet Decline –disintegration –invasion of Afghanistan, 1979 The Explosion of the 1980s and 1990s –Forced industrialization –environmental problems –infant mortality up –disease

5. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Age of Reform Mikhail Gorbachev –reforms, 1985  nuclear reduction  missiles limited  withdraws from Afghanistan –glasnost

6. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Age of Reform Mikhail Gorbachev –perestroika  foreign investment encouraged  military spending down –new constitution, 1988 –re-elected, 1990

7. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The End of the Cold War Dismantling the Soviet Empire –Eastern Europe  Soviet troops out  Bulgaria free elections, 1989  Hungary, Poland new governments, 1988

8. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The End of the Cold War Dismantling the Soviet Empire –Eastern Europe  Czechoslovakia new government, 1989  East Germany communist leaders out, 1989  Berlin Wall falls, 1991  Bulgaria, Romania communists keep some power

9. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The End of the Cold War Dismantling the Soviet Empire –Ethnic struggles –Yugoslavia breaks apart

10. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Post-Soviet Union Russia, Eastern Europe and central Asia

11. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Renewed Turmoil in the 1990s Gorbachev –coup, 1991 –Soviet Union dissolved by late 1991 –resigns Boris Yeltsin –succeeds Gorbachev –succeeded by Vladimir Putin

12. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Spread of Democracy Spain, Portugal, Greece –democracies Latin America –all but Cuba by 2000 Mexico –non-PRI president South Korea, Taiwan –democracy expanded

13. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Spread of Democracy Philippines –new government South Africa –apartheid ended Nigeria –democratic government, 1999

14. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Spread of Democracy Indonesia –end of authoritarian government Georgia, Ukraine –democratic elections Uzbekistan –democratization suppressed Saudi Arabia –local elections

15. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Spread of Democracy Kuwait –women vote Palestine –local elections Egypt –opposition repressed

16. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Democracy and its Limits China, North Korea, parts of Middle East, central Asia Beijing –demonstrations, 1989, suppressed

17. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Great Powers and New Disputes The Former Soviet Union –Ethnic conflict  Chechnya  Armenia, Azerbaijan  Czechoslovakia splits –Yugoslavia –Orthodox Serbs –Catholic Croats –Serbs

18. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Great Powers and New Disputes The Former Soviet Union –Muslim Bosnians –Slovenia, Croatia  independent, 1991 –Serbs attack Croats, Muslims  NATO intervenes  Bosnia-Herzegovina recognized

19. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Great Powers and New Disputes The Former Soviet Union –Kosovo  NATO involvement –Serbia, Montenegro  replace Yugoslovia

20. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Implosion of Yugoslavia 1991-1999

21. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Endemic Conflicts Iraq and Iran –conflict –Saddam Hussein Iraq invades Kuwati, 1990 –Persian Gulf War, 1991 Palestine and Israel India and Pakistan –Kashmir

22. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Ethnic and Other Conflicts: A New Surge Czechoslovakia –peaceful division –Czech Republic –Slovakia Chechnya –independence, 1990 Sudan, Sierra Leone, Liberia

23. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Ethnic and Other Conflicts: A New Surge Rwanda –Hutu-Tutsi rivalry

24. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The United States as Sole Superpower The United States and Other Power Centers –European Union –George W. Bush Anti-American Terrorism and Response September 11, 2001 –"War on Terror"  Afghanistan  Iraq

25. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Main U.S. Overseas Military Installations by 2007

26. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: New Global Standards, New Divisions End of cold war –Fewer large division –But regional conflicts expand U.S. as sole superpower –Use of this power questioned –Reactions to the U.S. role