1. Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. comments questions: dan.kahan@yale.edudan.kahan@yale.edu papers, etc: www.culturalcognition.netwww.culturalcognition.net

2. Dan M. Kahan Yale University & many x 10 3 others www.culturalcognition.net Three Points About “Belief In” Evolution

3. Three points about “belief in" evolution: 1. Empirical 2.Political 3.Philosophical

4. Three points about “belief in" evolution: 1. Empirical: The measurement problem 2.Political 3.Philosophical

5. “Belief” in evolution

6. “Ordinary Science Intelligence” Assessment OSI_1.0OSI_2.0

7. “Ordinary Science Intelligence” Assessment 18 items 6 “Basic facts” (NSF Indicators, Pew) 3 “Theory of science” (NSF Indicators) 6 Numeracy (Peters et al. 2006) 3 Cognitive reflection (Frederick 20 05)

8. Ordinary science intelligence: item response functions

16. “Religiosity” (Cronbach’s α = 0.80)

17. OSI_2.0 items plus Evolution & Religiosity items

18. Ordinary science intelligence: item response functions

21. Teaching evolution to “nonbelievers”

23. Disentanglement principle: “Don’t make reasoning, free people choose between knowing what’s known & being who they are!”

24. Disentanglement principle: “Don’t make reasoning, free people choose between knowing what’s known & being who they are!”

25. Disentanglement principle: “Don’t make reasoning, free people choose between knowing what’s known & being who they are!”

26. Disentanglement principle: “Don’t make reasoning, free people choose between knowing what’s known & being who they are!”

27. Three points about “belief in" evolution: 1. Empirical: The measurement problem 2.Political 3.Philosophical

28. Three points about “belief in" evolution: 1. Empirical: The measurement problem 2.Political: The disentanglement project 3.Philosophical

29. “Belief” in global warming Annenberg Center for Public Policy & Cultural Cognition Project. N’ = 1957. Nationally representative sample, April/May 2014 (YouGov). CIs reflect 0.95 confidence intervals. Source: Kahan, D. The Science Communication Measurement Problem, Adv. in Pol. Psych. (in press).

30. “Belief” in global warming Annenberg Center for Public Policy & Cultural Cognition Project. N’ = 1957. Nationally representative sample, April/May 2014 (YouGov). CIs reflect 0.95 confidence intervals. Source: Kahan, D. The Science Communication Measurement Problem, Adv. in Pol. Psych. (in press).

31. “Belief” in global warming Annenberg Center for Public Policy & Cultural Cognition Project. N’ = 1957. Nationally representative sample, April/May 2014 (YouGov). CIs reflect 0.95 confidence intervals. Source: Kahan, D. The Science Communication Measurement Problem, Adv. in Pol. Psych. (in press).

32. “Belief” in global warming Annenberg Center for Public Policy & Cultural Cognition Project. N’ = 1957. Nationally representative sample, April/May 2014 (YouGov). CIs reflect 0.95 confidence intervals. Source: Kahan, D. The Science Communication Measurement Problem, Adv. in Pol. Psych. (in press).

33. Ordinary science intelligence: item response functions

34. “Ordinary Climate Science Intelligence” (OCSI) battery

35. Ordinary climate science intelligence: item response functions

37. Ordinary climate science intelligence r = 0.32, p < 0.01 Ordinary science intelligence 1st percentile 86th percentile 14th percentile 99th percentile 50th percentile 1st percentile 86th percentile 14th percentile 99th percentile OSI & Ordinary Climate Science Intelligence (OCSI)

38. Ordinary climate science intelligence r = 0.32, p < 0.01 Ordinary science intelligence 50th percentile 1st percentile 86th percentile 14th percentile 99th percentile 1st percentile 86th percentile 14th percentile 99th percentile 50th percentile > avg Left_Right < avg Left_Right OSI & Ordinary Climate Science Intelligence (OCSI)

39. OCSI & positions on global warming Human causedNaturally causedNo warming Positions on global warming in “past few decades” No. correct

40. Ordinary climate science intelligence: item response functions

43. What we know Who we are vs. Evolution-science communication measurement problem:

44. Climate-science communication measurement problem: What we know Who we are vs.

45. Disentanglement principle: “Don’t make reasoning, free people choose between knowing what’s known & being who they are!”

46. Climate-science communication measurement problem: What we know Who we are vs.

47. Climate-science communication measurement problem: What we know Who we are How to disentangle from

48. Climate-science communication measurement problem: What we know Who we are from How to disentangle

49. Climate-science communication measurement problem: What we know Who we are from How to disentangle

50. Evolution-science communication measurement problem: What we know Who we are from How to disentangle

51. Three points about “belief in" evolution: 1. Empirical: The measurement problem 2.Political: The disentanglement project 3.Philosophical

52. Three points about “belief in" evolution: 1. Empirical: The measurement problem 2.Political: The disentanglement project 3.Philosophical: Cognitive dualism...

53. The “nonacceptance” problem

54. The Pakistani Dr. paradox

55. “Beliefs” as dispositions to action....

56. Cognitive dualism

60. The “nonacceptance” problem

61. Three points about “belief in" evolution: 1. Empirical: The measurement problem 2.Political: The disentanglement project 3.Philosophical: Cognitive dualism...

62. New data: shame & critical reasoning! www.culturalcognition.net